Mgadi Katiso, Ndaba Busiswa, Roopnarain Ashira, Rama Haripriya, Adeleke Rasheed
Unit of Environmental Sciences and Management, North-West University, Potchefstroom, South Africa.
Microbiology and Environmental Biotechnology Research Group, Agricultural Research Council-Natural Resources and Engineering, Pretoria, South Africa.
Front Microbiol. 2024 Mar 6;15:1354440. doi: 10.3389/fmicb.2024.1354440. eCollection 2024.
Globally, food security has become a critical concern due to the rise in human population and the current climate change crisis. Usage of conventional agrochemicals to maximize crop yields has resulted in the degradation of fertile soil, environmental pollution as well as human and agroecosystem health risks. Nanotechnology in agriculture is a fast-emerging and new area of research explored to improve crop productivity and nutrient-use efficiency using nano-sized agrochemicals at lower doses than conventional agrochemicals. Nanoparticles in agriculture are applied as nanofertilizers and/or nanopesticides. Positive results have been observed in terms of plant growth when using nano-based agricultural amendments. However, their continuous application may have adverse effects on plant-associated rhizospheric and endospheric microorganisms which often play a crucial role in plant growth, nutrient uptake, and disease prevention. While research shows that the application of nanoparticles has the potential to improve plant growth and yield, their effect on the diversity and function of plant-associated microorganisms remains under-explored. This review provides an overview of plant-associated microorganisms and their functions. Additionally, it highlights the response of plant-associated microorganisms to nanoparticle application and provides insight into areas of research required to promote sustainable and precision agricultural practices that incorporate nanofertilizers and nanopesticides.
在全球范围内，由于人口增长和当前的气候变化危机，粮食安全已成为一个至关重要的问题。使用传统农用化学品来最大化作物产量已导致肥沃土壤退化、环境污染以及对人类和农业生态系统健康构成风险。农业中的纳米技术是一个快速兴起的新研究领域，旨在通过使用比传统农用化学品剂量更低的纳米级农用化学品来提高作物生产力和养分利用效率。农业中的纳米颗粒被用作纳米肥料和/或纳米农药。在使用基于纳米的农业改良剂时，已观察到植物生长方面的积极结果。然而，它们的持续应用可能会对与植物相关的根际和内生微生物产生不利影响，而这些微生物在植物生长、养分吸收和疾病预防中通常起着关键作用。虽然研究表明纳米颗粒的应用有可能改善植物生长和产量，但其对与植物相关微生物的多样性和功能的影响仍未得到充分探索。本综述概述了与植物相关的微生物及其功能。此外，它强调了与植物相关的微生物对纳米颗粒应用的反应，并深入探讨了促进纳入纳米肥料和纳米农药的可持续和精准农业实践所需的研究领域。
