Department of Pharmaceutics, Himalayan Pharmacy Institute, Majhitar, East Sikkim 737136, India.
Mata Gujri College of Pharmacy, Mata Gujri University, Kishanganj, Bihar 855107, India.
Curr Drug Deliv. 2023;20(7):884-903. doi: 10.2174/1567201819666220520111032.
Nanosponges are colloidal and crosslinked nanocarriers consisting of a solid mesh-like network with nanocavities to encompass various types of substances like antineoplastic, proteins, peptides, volatile oil, DNA and then incorporated into topical medications that are mainly formulated such as gels, creams, lotions, ointments, liquid and powders etc. for topical drug delivery system. In the polymeric construction of nanosponges, the release of enthalpy-rich water molecules accounts for high complexation efficiency for different molecular substances. The benefits of nanosponges involve the extended and controlled release of encapsulated particles with excellent competence and great stability. Nanosponges assume a significant part in new varieties of medicaments, beautifiers, farming, horticulture, high atomic weight containing proteins, innovative fire retardants, gas transporters, and water filters. Nanosponges are a novel technology that offers controlled and targeted drug delivery by various routes like oral, parenteral, and topical routes. Nanosponges are an effective transporter for biologically active ingredients; therefore, it is broadly employed in anti-cancer, antiviral, antiplatelet, and antilipidemic therapy. This review article gives attention to the general introduction, merits and demerits, classification, characteristic features, procedures for developing nanosponges, and numerous factors which affect nanosponge formulation, evaluation parameters, and applications in the medicinal industry.
纳米海绵是一种胶体交联纳米载体，由具有纳米腔的固体网格状网络组成，可包含各种类型的物质，如抗肿瘤药物、蛋白质、肽、挥发油、DNA 等，并将其纳入主要以凝胶、乳膏、洗剂、软膏、液体和粉末等形式配制的局部药物中，用于局部药物递送系统。在纳米海绵的聚合结构中，释放出的富含热能的水分子对于不同分子物质具有很高的络合效率。纳米海绵的优点包括对包封颗粒的延长和控制释放，具有优异的性能和高稳定性。纳米海绵在新型药物、美容剂、农业、园艺、高原子量含蛋白质、创新阻燃剂、气体转运器和水过滤器等方面发挥着重要作用。纳米海绵是一种提供通过口服、肠胃外和局部途径的控制和靶向药物递送的新技术。纳米海绵是生物活性成分的有效转运器，因此在抗癌、抗病毒、抗血小板和抗脂类治疗中得到广泛应用。本文综述了纳米海绵的一般介绍、优缺点、分类、特征、纳米海绵的开发过程以及影响纳米海绵配方的诸多因素、评价参数及其在医药工业中的应用。
