Mullick Prashansha, R Hegde Aswathi, Gopalan Divya, Pandey Abhijeet, Nandakumar Krishnadas, Jain Sanyog, Kuppusamy Gowthamarajan, Mutalik Srinivas
Department of Pharmaceutics, Manipal College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal 576104, Karnataka State, India.
Department of Pharmacology, Manipal College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal 576104, Karnataka State, India.
Curr Pharm Des. 2022;28(23):1885-1896. doi: 10.2174/1381612828666220518090431.
Nanosponge, as a carrier for the skin delivery system for drugs, plays a vital role. It not only serves to administer the drug to the targeted layer of skin but also increases the drug retention and deposition on the skin.
In this review, we aim to highlight the effects of several processes and formulation variables prompting the characteristics of various nanosponges for the delivery of drugs into/ across the skin.
In the present review article, the overall introduction of nanosponges, their preparation, characteristic features, advantages, disadvantages, and factors affecting their preparation, are covered. Furthermore, an elaborative description of nanosponges for skin delivery and its toxicological perspective with some referential examples of nanosponge drugs has also been deliberated here.
Factors associated with the formation of nanosponges can directly or indirectly affect its efficacy in the skin delivery of drugs. These nanoforms are efficient in delivering the drugs which possess lower aqueous solubility, therefore, the aqueous solubility of drugs possessing a narrow therapeutic window can easily be enhanced. It also helps in achieving targeted drug delivery, controlled release of drugs, increases bioavailability, reduces drug toxicity, decreases drug degradation, and many more.
Nanosponges have been identified as potential drug delivery carriers into as well as across skin. Delivery of biologics such as vaccines, enzymes, peptides, proteins, and antibodies, is also gaining attention in the recent past.
纳米海绵作为药物皮肤递送系统的载体，发挥着至关重要的作用。它不仅有助于将药物递送至皮肤的目标层，还能增加药物在皮肤上的滞留和沉积。
在本综述中，我们旨在强调若干工艺和制剂变量对各种纳米海绵特性的影响，这些特性有助于药物透皮递送。
在本篇综述文章中，涵盖了纳米海绵的总体介绍、其制备方法、特征、优点、缺点以及影响其制备的因素。此外，还对用于皮肤递送的纳米海绵及其毒理学观点进行了详细描述，并列举了一些纳米海绵药物的参考实例。
与纳米海绵形成相关的因素可直接或间接影响其在药物皮肤递送中的功效。这些纳米形式在递送低水溶性药物方面效率很高，因此，具有窄治疗窗的药物的水溶性可轻易提高。它还有助于实现靶向给药、药物控释、提高生物利用度、降低药物毒性、减少药物降解等等。
纳米海绵已被确定为潜在的透皮给药载体。近年来，疫苗、酶、肽、蛋白质和抗体等生物制品的递送也备受关注。
