Shobhaben Pratapbhai Patel School of Pharmacy and Technology Management, SVKM'S NMIMS, V.L. Mehta Road, Vile Parle (W), Mumbai, India.
Recent Pat Nanotechnol. 2020;14(1):75-89. doi: 10.2174/1872210513666190603083930.
Currently, the most important challenge in the development of therapeutics and actives is their poor aqueous solubility and bioavailability.
The low aqueous solubility, poor pharmacokinetic properties, and bioavailability associated with novel actives manifest in numerous challenges in the formulation of conventional dosage forms like tablets, capsules, suspensions, emulsions, etc. Nanosponges are a novel class of drug delivery system capable of encapsulating or entrapping both lipophilic and hydrophilic drugs. Target-specific drug delivery and controlled drug release are the advantages offered by nanosponges which make them a promising anti-tumor drug delivery system.
Nanosponges are colloidal structures comprising solid nanoparticles with cavities and meshlike structures for encapsulation of wide varieties of substances like antineoplastic agents, proteins and peptides, volatile oils, genetic material, etc. The methods of preparation of β-cyclodextrin-based nanosponges include solvent evaporation method, emulsion solvent evaporation method, ultrasound-assisted synthesis, hyper cross-linked cyclodextrin and interfacial phenomenon method. A large variety of nanosponges- based formulations are available in the market and some formulations of prostavastin, brexin, glymesason, mena-gargle, etc. are under clinical trials.
Nanosponges possess potential applications in target site-specific drug delivery to liver, spleen, and lungs. Due to the surface functionalization, nanosponges show broad applications in water purification, protein delivery, chemical sensors, detection of explosives, agriculture, etc. In the near future, nanosponges-based products will capture a huge market for commercialization due to their improved properties and advantages.
This review provides an account of the patents related to nanosponges (2006-2018) and covers the broad applications of β-cyclodextrin-based nanosponges, their roles in vaccine delivery, cancer therapy, fire engineering, water purification, etc.
目前，治疗剂和活性剂开发中最重要的挑战是其较差的水溶性和生物利用度。
新型活性剂的低水溶性、差的药代动力学特性和生物利用度在片剂、胶囊、混悬剂、乳剂等常规剂型的制剂中表现出许多挑战。纳米海绵是一种新型药物传递系统，能够包封或包埋亲脂性和亲水性药物。靶向药物传递和控制药物释放是纳米海绵提供的优势，使它们成为有前途的抗肿瘤药物传递系统。
纳米海绵是由具有空腔和网状结构的固体纳米颗粒组成的胶体结构，可用于包封各种物质，如抗肿瘤剂、蛋白质和肽、挥发油、遗传物质等。基于β-环糊精的纳米海绵的制备方法包括溶剂蒸发法、乳液溶剂蒸发法、超声辅助合成法、超交联环糊精法和界面现象法。市场上有大量的纳米海绵制剂，一些普罗司他汀、布雷辛、格列美嗓、美纳格漱口水等的制剂正在临床试验中。
纳米海绵在肝脏、脾脏和肺部的靶向药物传递中具有潜在的应用。由于表面功能化，纳米海绵在水净化、蛋白质传递、化学传感器、爆炸物检测、农业等方面有广泛的应用。在不久的将来，由于其改进的性能和优势，纳米海绵基产品将占据巨大的商业化市场。
本综述提供了 2006 年至 2018 年期间与纳米海绵相关的专利，涵盖了基于β-环糊精的纳米海绵的广泛应用，及其在疫苗传递、癌症治疗、消防工程、水净化等方面的作用。
