Robbins Jacqueline P, Solito Egle
Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, United Kingdom.
William Harvey Research Institute, Queen Mary University of London, London, United Kingdom.
Front Neurosci. 2022 May 10;16:854050. doi: 10.3389/fnins.2022.854050. eCollection 2022.
Dietary interventions, such as calorie restriction and ketogenic diet, have been extensively studied in ageing research, including in cognitive decline. Epidemiological studies indicate beneficial effects of certain dietary regimes on mental health, including mood disorders and dementia. However, randomised-controlled trials (the gold-standard of evidence-based medicine) on calorie restriction diets and the ketogenic diet have yet to show clinically convincing effects in neuropsychiatric disorders. This review will examine the quality of studies and evidence base for the ketogenic and calorie restriction diets in common neuropsychiatric conditions, collating findings from preclinical experiments, case reports or small clinical studies, and randomised controlled clinical trials. The major cellular mechanisms that mediate the effects of these dietary interventions on brain health include neuroinflammation, neuroprotection, and neuromodulation. We will discuss the studies that have investigated the roles of these pathways and their interactions. Popularity of the ketogenic and calorie restriction diets has grown both in the public domain and in psychiatry research, allowing for informed review of the efficacy, the limitations, and the side effects of these diets in specific patient populations. In this review we will summarise the clinical evidence for these diets in neuropsychiatry and make suggestions to improve clinical translation of future research studies.
饮食干预，如热量限制和生酮饮食，在衰老研究中，包括认知衰退方面，已经得到了广泛研究。流行病学研究表明某些饮食方案对心理健康有益，包括情绪障碍和痴呆症。然而，关于热量限制饮食和生酮饮食的随机对照试验（循证医学的金标准）尚未在神经精神疾病中显示出临床上令人信服的效果。本综述将审视生酮饮食和热量限制饮食在常见神经精神疾病中的研究质量和证据基础，整理临床前实验、病例报告或小型临床研究以及随机对照临床试验的结果。介导这些饮食干预对大脑健康影响的主要细胞机制包括神经炎症、神经保护和神经调节。我们将讨论研究这些途径及其相互作用作用的研究。生酮饮食和热量限制饮食在公众领域和精神病学研究中都越来越受欢迎，这使得我们能够对这些饮食在特定患者群体中的疗效、局限性和副作用进行明智的审视。在本综述中，我们将总结这些饮食在神经精神病学方面的临床证据，并对改进未来研究的临床转化提出建议。
