线粒体的转移与移植在人类健康与疾病中的作用

Mitochondria transfer and transplantation in human health and diseases.

机构信息

Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Key Laboratory of Breast Cancer in Shanghai, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Radiation Oncology, Cancer Institute, and The Shanghai Key Laboratory of Medical Epigenetics, Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai 20032, China; Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai 20032, China; The International Co-laboratory of Medical Epigenetics and Metabolism, Ministry of Science and Technology, Shanghai 20032, China.

State Key Laboratory of Component-based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, China.

出版信息

Mitochondrion. 2022 Jul;65:80-87. doi: 10.1016/j.mito.2022.05.002. Epub 2022 May 24.

DOI:10.1016/j.mito.2022.05.002

PMID:35623561

Abstract

Mitochondria are dynamic organelles responsible for energy production and cell metabolism. Disorders in mitochondrial function impair tissue integrity and have been implicated in multiple human diseases. Rather than constrained in host cells, mitochondria were recently found to actively travel between cells through nanotubes or extracellular vesicles. Mitochondria transportation represents a key mechanism of intercellular communication implicated in metabolic homeostasis, immune response, and stress signaling. Here we reviewed recent progress in mitochondria transfer under physiological and pathological conditions. Specifically, tumor cells imported mitochondria from adjacent cells in the microenvironment which potentially modulated cancer progression. Intercellular mitochondria trafficking also inspired therapeutic intervention of human diseases with mitochondria transplantation. Artificial mitochondria, generated through mitochondria genome engineering or mitochondria-nucleus hybridization, further advanced our understanding of mitochondrial biology and its therapeutic potential. Innovative tools and animal models of mitochondria transplantation will assist the development of new therapies for mitochondrial dysfunction-related diseases.

摘要

线粒体是负责能量产生和细胞代谢的动态细胞器。线粒体功能障碍会损害组织完整性，并与多种人类疾病有关。最近的研究发现，线粒体不仅存在于宿主细胞内，还可以通过纳米管或细胞外囊泡在细胞间主动迁移。线粒体运输是细胞间通讯的关键机制，涉及代谢稳态、免疫反应和应激信号。本文综述了生理和病理条件下线粒体转移的最新进展。具体来说，肿瘤细胞从微环境中的相邻细胞中摄取线粒体，这可能调节了癌症的进展。细胞间线粒体运输也为通过线粒体移植治疗人类疾病提供了启示。通过线粒体基因组工程或线粒体-核杂交产生的人工线粒体，进一步加深了我们对线粒体生物学及其治疗潜力的理解。创新的线粒体移植工具和动物模型将有助于开发治疗与线粒体功能障碍相关疾病的新疗法。