Antonogeorgos George, Panagiotakos Demosthenes B, Priftis Kostas N, Liakou Evangelia, Koutsokera Alexandra, Drakontaeidis Pavlos, Thanasia Marina, Mandrapylia Maria, Moriki Dafni, Ellwood Philippa, García-Marcos Luis, Douros Konstantinos
Allergology and Pulmonology Unit, 3rd Paediatric Department, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 12462 Athens, Greece.
Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, School of Health Sciences and Education, Harokopio University, 17676 Athens, Greece.
Children (Basel). 2022 May 9;9(5):686. doi: 10.3390/children9050686.
Background: Atopic diseases, particularly asthma, eczema, and rhinitis, are among the most common chronic diseases in childhood, with several factors implicated in their pathogenesis. Our study examined the role of parental education in the association between diet, physical activity, and atopy in adolescents. Methods: 1934 adolescents (47.5% boys) aged 13−14 years old reported information about their diet and physical activity and their parents reported their highest educational level. The moderating role of parental education level (primary/secondary vs. tertiary) in the relation between lifestyle patterns and atopic diseases was examined with logistic regression analyses. Results: High consumption of dairy products was inversely associated to adolescents’ asthma and rhinitis symptoms overall, but this relation was almost 50% stronger for the adolescents with high parental education level background. The same pattern of reduction of the odds was noticed also regarding the association among the high intake of fruits, vegetables, pulses, with all three atopic diseases and the adherence to a physically active lifestyle only with current asthma and eczema (all p < 0.05). Conclusion: Adolescents who are physically active and consume a higher intake of fruits, vegetables, and pulses and a lower intake of fast-food and sweets, and their parents/guardians having higher education, are less likely to have any current symptoms of asthma, eczema, and rhinitis than the ones who have low educated parents.
特应性疾病，尤其是哮喘、湿疹和鼻炎，是儿童期最常见的慢性病之一，其发病机制涉及多个因素。我们的研究调查了父母教育程度在青少年饮食、体育活动与特应性之间关联中的作用。方法：1934名13 - 14岁的青少年（47.5%为男孩）报告了他们的饮食和体育活动信息，其父母报告了他们的最高教育水平。通过逻辑回归分析检验了父母教育水平（小学/中学与高等教育）在生活方式模式与特应性疾病关系中的调节作用。结果：总体而言，高乳制品消费量与青少年的哮喘和鼻炎症状呈负相关，但对于父母教育水平高的青少年，这种关系的强度几乎高出50%。在高水果、蔬菜、豆类摄入量与所有三种特应性疾病的关联以及仅在当前哮喘和湿疹方面坚持积极的生活方式方面，也观察到了相同的降低几率模式（所有p < 0.05）。结论：与父母教育程度低的青少年相比，积极参加体育活动、水果、蔬菜和豆类摄入量较高、快餐和甜食摄入量较低且父母/监护人受过高等教育的青少年，目前患哮喘、湿疹和鼻炎的症状可能性较小。
