Department of Health Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Yamanashi, Kofu, Japan.
Center for Birth Cohort Studies, University of Yamanashi, Kofu, Japan.
Int Arch Allergy Immunol. 2022;183(2):201-209. doi: 10.1159/000519153. Epub 2021 Oct 1.
Socioeconomic status has been found to be associated with allergic diseases in children, but results are inconsistent. This study aimed to assess the association between household income and the development of allergic disease in children at 3 years old.
We used data from 72,180 participants from the Japan Environment and Children's Study, which is a prospective birth cohort study with participants recruited from January 2011 to March 2014. We examined the associations between household income and allergic diseases (asthma, eczema, and food allergies) in children, adjusting for covariates using multivariate logistic regression.
The percentages of doctor-diagnosed allergies at 3 years old were 7.5% for asthma, 7.2% for eczema, and 6.2% for food allergies. Children from households with an annual income of <2 million yen (approx. 18,000 USD) had a significantly higher risk of doctor-diagnosed asthma and eczema than those from households with an income of 4-6 million yen. The adjusted odds ratios (aORs) were 1.17 (95% confidence interval [CI] 1.03-1.34) and 1.21 (95% CI 1.06-1.39). Children from households with an income of >6 million yen tended to have an increased risk of food allergies (aOR 1.07, 95% CI 0.98-1.15).
Low household income was a risk for doctor-diagnosed asthma and eczema, suggesting that public health professionals should recognize low-income groups as vulnerable populations for these conditions.
社会经济地位与儿童过敏性疾病有关，但结果不一致。本研究旨在评估家庭收入与 3 岁儿童过敏性疾病发展之间的关系。
我们使用了来自日本环境与儿童研究的 72180 名参与者的数据，这是一项前瞻性的出生队列研究，参与者于 2011 年 1 月至 2014 年 3 月招募。我们使用多变量逻辑回归，调整了协变量，检验了家庭收入与儿童过敏性疾病（哮喘、湿疹和食物过敏）之间的关系。
3 岁时被医生诊断为过敏的比例分别为哮喘 7.5%、湿疹 7.2%和食物过敏 6.2%。年收入低于 200 万日元（约合 1.8 万美元）的家庭的儿童患哮喘和湿疹的风险明显高于年收入 4-600 万日元的家庭。调整后的优势比（aOR）分别为 1.17（95%置信区间 [CI] 1.03-1.34）和 1.21（95%CI 1.06-1.39）。收入超过 600 万日元的家庭的儿童患食物过敏的风险较高（aOR 1.07，95%CI 0.98-1.15）。
家庭收入低是哮喘和湿疹的诊断风险因素，这表明公共卫生专业人员应将低收入群体视为这些疾病的脆弱人群。
