Allergology and Pulmonology Unit, 3rd Pediatric Department, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 12462 Athens, Greece.
Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, School of Health Sciences and Education, Harokopio University, 17676 Athens, Greece.
Nutrients. 2023 Jul 19;15(14):3191. doi: 10.3390/nu15143191.
Atopic diseases are among the most common morbidities in children and adolescents. The association between adherence to an anti-inflammatory dietary pattern and the prevalence of atopic diseases among adolescents was examined.
A total of 1934 adolescents (boys: 47.5%, mean age (standard deviation): 12.7 (0.6) years) were voluntarily enrolled. Participants completed a validated questionnaire on atopic disease status as well as one assessing dietary habits and other sociodemographic and lifestyle characteristics. A special Diet Anti-inflammatory Index (DAI) score was calculated for the evaluation of adherence to an anti-inflammatory dietary pattern.
A total of 6.9% of the participants reported current asthma symptoms, while 25.3% reported rhinitis symptoms and 8.9% reported eczema. Adolescents with high adherence to an anti-inflammatory diet were 58% less likely to have asthma symptoms compared with those with low adherence when adjusted for multiple confounders ( < 0.01). No significant associations were observed between the level of adherence to an anti-inflammatory diet and the prevalence of allergic rhinitis and eczema.
An anti-inflammatory diet seems to be independently associated with a lower prevalence of asthma in adolescents. Thus, pediatricians and other healthcare providers should promote anti-inflammatory dietary patterns as a preventive measure for atopic diseases from early stages of life.
特应性疾病是儿童和青少年最常见的疾病之一。本研究旨在探讨青少年坚持抗炎饮食模式与特应性疾病患病率之间的关系。
共纳入 1934 名青少年（男生占 47.5%，平均年龄（标准差）：12.7（0.6）岁）。参与者完成了一份关于特应性疾病状态的有效调查问卷，以及一份关于饮食习惯和其他社会人口学及生活方式特征的调查问卷。为评估抗炎饮食模式的依从性，计算了特殊的饮食抗炎指数（DAI）评分。
共有 6.9%的参与者报告目前有哮喘症状，25.3%报告有鼻炎症状，8.9%报告有湿疹。调整了多种混杂因素后（<0.01），高抗炎饮食依从组青少年患哮喘症状的可能性比低抗炎饮食依从组低 58%。抗炎饮食的依从水平与过敏性鼻炎和湿疹的患病率之间没有显著关联。
抗炎饮食模式似乎与青少年哮喘患病率的降低独立相关。因此，儿科医生和其他医疗保健提供者应提倡抗炎饮食模式，作为预防生命早期特应性疾病的一种措施。
