Allergology and Pulmonology Unit, 3rd Paediatric Department, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece.
Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, School of Health Sciences and Education, Harokopio University, Athens, Greece.
Allergol Immunopathol (Madr). 2022 Sep 1;50(5):114-120. doi: 10.15586/aei.v50i5.665. eCollection 2022.
The contribution of dietary patterns in the occurrence of atopic diseases, mainly asthma, allergic rhinits, and eczema is ambiguous. Our study examined the association between the level of adherence to the Mediterranean diet (MedDiet) and the prevalence of atopic diseases in adolescence.
A total of 1934 adolescents (boys: 47.5%, mean age [standard variation]: 12.7[0.6] years) enrolled voluntarily. Participants completed a validated questionnaire on atopic disease status, dietary habits, and other sociodemographic and lifestyle characteristics. KIDMED score was used for the evaluation of adherence to the MedDiet. Discriminant analysis was applied to the hierarchy of foods and beverages consumed in relation to the presence of atopic diseases.
Logistic regression analyses revealed that adolescents with moderate and good adherence to the MedDiet had 34 and 60% lower odds of having any asthma symptoms, respectively, and 20 and 41% lower odds of having any allergic rhinitis symptoms, respectively, adjusted for several confounders. The food group with the most important contribution to the MedDiet was cooked and raw vegetables, followed by fruits (Wilk's λ = 0.881 and λ = 0.957, respectively).
Our study provided evidence for a strong and inverse association between the level of adherence to the MedDiet and the occurrence of asthma and allergic rhinitis symptoms and signified the importance of contribution of fruits and vegetable consumption in this association. Thus, the promotion of MedDiet could be an efficient lifestyle intervention that can contribute to the reduction of the burden of these atopic diseases in adolescents.
饮食模式在特应性疾病（主要是哮喘、变应性鼻炎和湿疹）发生中的作用尚不清楚。本研究旨在探讨青少年地中海饮食（MedDiet）依从程度与特应性疾病患病率之间的关系。
共纳入 1934 名青少年（男生占 47.5%，平均年龄[标准差]：12.7[0.6]岁），均自愿参与本研究。参与者完成了一份关于特应性疾病状况、饮食习惯以及其他社会人口学和生活方式特征的调查问卷。采用 KIDMED 评分评估对 MedDiet 的依从程度。判别分析用于评估与特应性疾病存在相关的食物和饮料的消费层次。
Logistic 回归分析显示，中高度依从 MedDiet 的青少年出现任何哮喘症状的几率分别降低 34%和 60%，出现任何变应性鼻炎症状的几率分别降低 20%和 41%，且均在调整了多种混杂因素后有统计学意义。对 MedDiet 贡献最大的食物组是烹饪和生蔬菜，其次是水果（Wilk's λ=0.881 和 λ=0.957）。
本研究为 MedDiet 依从程度与哮喘和变应性鼻炎症状发生之间存在强烈的负相关关系提供了证据，同时也强调了水果和蔬菜摄入在这一关联中的重要性。因此，促进 MedDiet 的摄入可能是一种有效的生活方式干预措施，有助于减轻青少年特应性疾病的负担。
