Graduate School, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, 6699 Qingdao Road, Jinan 250013, China.
Centre for Health Management and Policy Research, School of Public Health, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan 250012, China.
Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2022 May 12;19(10):5873. doi: 10.3390/ijerph19105873.
Productivity losses due to diabetes are increasing in China, but research about the impact of diabetes on productivity in urban and rural areas requires further in-depth study. This article provides the first estimate of the cost of productivity losses attributed to diabetes in individuals 20-69 years old in urban and rural areas of China.
The human capital approach is employed to measure the productivity losses attributed to absenteeism, presenteeism, labor force dropout, and premature deaths due to diabetes of the 20-69-year-old population of males and females in urban and rural areas of China. Based on the life table modelling, we calculate the years of potential life lost and working years of life lost of people with diabetes.
In 2017, we estimated that there were 100.46 million people with diabetes, with the total cost of productivity losses being USD 613.60 billion, comprising USD 326.40 billion from labor force dropout, USD 186.34 billion from premature death, USD 97.71 billion from absenteeism, and USD 27.04 billion from presenteeism. Productivity loss was greater in urban (USD 490.79 billion) than rural areas (USD 122.81 billion), with urban presenteeism (USD 2.54 billion) greater than rural presenteeism (USD 608.55 million); urban absenteeism (USD 79.10 billion) greater than rural absenteeism (USD 18.61 billion); urban labor force dropout (USD 261.24 billion) greater than rural labor force dropout (USD 65.15 billion); and urban premature death (USD 147.90 billion) greater than rural premature death (USD 38.44 billion).
Diabetes has a large and significant negative impact on productivity in urban and rural China. Productivity loss is significantly higher in urban versus rural regions. Further investment is required in the prevention, diagnosis, and control of diabetes in under-resourced health services in rural locations as well as in urban areas, where most diabetes cases reside. Specifically, targeted and effective diabetes prevention and management actions are urgently required.
由于糖尿病导致的生产力损失在中国不断增加，但有关糖尿病对城乡生产力影响的研究仍需要进一步深入研究。本文首次估算了中国城乡 20-69 岁人群因糖尿病导致的生产力损失成本。
采用人力资本法衡量城乡 20-69 岁男性和女性劳动力因糖尿病导致的旷工、生产力下降、劳动力退出以及过早死亡造成的生产力损失。基于生命表模型，我们计算了糖尿病患者的潜在寿命损失年和工作寿命损失年。
2017 年，我们估计中国有 1.0046 亿糖尿病患者，生产力损失总成本为 6136 亿美元，其中劳动力退出造成 3264 亿美元损失，过早死亡造成 1863.4 亿美元损失，旷工造成 977.11 亿美元损失，生产力下降造成 270.40 亿美元损失。城市（4907.9 亿美元）的生产力损失大于农村（1228.1 亿美元），城市的旷工（25.40 亿美元）大于农村（6085.55 万美元）；城市的旷工（791.00 亿美元）大于农村（186.14 亿美元）；城市的劳动力退出（2612.4 亿美元）大于农村（651.50 亿美元）；城市的过早死亡（1479 亿美元）大于农村（384.44 亿美元）。
糖尿病对中国城乡生产力有重大负面影响。城市地区的生产力损失明显高于农村地区。在资源有限的农村卫生服务机构以及大部分糖尿病患者所在的城市地区，需要进一步投资于糖尿病的预防、诊断和控制。具体而言，需要采取有针对性和有效的糖尿病预防和管理措施。
