Induced Mutation in Enhances the Performance of Soybean under Dense Planting Conditions.

CONSTITUTIVE PHOTOMORPHOGENIC 1 (COP1) is the key photomorphogenic inhibitor that has been extensively studied in higher plants. Nevertheless, its role has not been documented in the economically important soybean. Here we investigated the functions of two homologous genes, and , by analyzing and mutants with indels using CRISPR in soybean. We revealed that, although both genes are required for skotomorphogenesis in the dark, the gene seems to play a more prominent role than in promoting stem elongation under normal light conditions. Consistently, the bZIP transcriptional factors STF1/2, which repress stem elongation in soybean, accumulated to the highest level in the double mutant, followed by the and mutants. Furthermore, the mutants showed reduced shade response and enhanced performance under high-density conditions in field trials. Taken together, this study provides essential genetic resources for elucidating functional mechanisms of GmCOP1 and breeding of high yield soybean cultivars for future sustainable agriculture.