Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Medical University of Graz, 8036 Graz, Austria.
BioTechMed, 8010 Graz, Austria.
Nutrients. 2022 May 14;14(10):2065. doi: 10.3390/nu14102065.
(1) Background: Human milk oligosaccharides (HMOs) are already found in maternal circulation in early pregnancy, changing with gestational age. HMOs are also present in cord blood and amniotic fluid (AF). We aimed to assess HMO profiles in AF over the course of gestation. (2) Methods: AF was collected during diagnostic amniocentesis, fetal surgery, or C-section from 77 women with a gestational age of ranging from 14.3 to 40.9 weeks. Samples were analysed using high performance liquid chromatography with fluorescence detection. (3) Results: We found lactose and up to 16 HMO structures in all AF samples investigated, starting at 14 weeks of gestation. Overall, 3'-sialyllactose (3'SL) and 2'-fucosyllactose (2'FL) were the most abundant HMOs. Individual and total HMO concentrations were significantly positively correlated with gestational age. HMO composition also changed between early, mid- and late pregnancy, with relative concentrations of 3'SL significantly decreasing (44%, 25%, 24%) and 2'FL increasing (7%, 13%, 21%), respectively. (4) Conclusion: Our study shows that HMOs are already present in AF early in pregnancy. This demonstrates extensive contact of the fetus with a broad variety of HMOs, suggesting roles for HMOs in fetal tissue development during the time course of pregnancy.
(1) 背景：人乳寡糖（HMOs）在妊娠早期已存在于母体循环中，并随妊娠周数而变化。HMOs 也存在于脐带血和羊水（AF）中。我们旨在评估妊娠过程中 AF 中的 HMO 谱。
(2) 方法：从 77 名妊娠周数从 14.3 周到 40.9 周的女性在诊断性羊膜穿刺术、胎儿手术或剖宫产期间采集羊水样本。使用带有荧光检测的高效液相色谱法分析样品。
(3) 结果：我们在所有研究的 AF 样本中发现了乳糖和多达 16 种 HMO 结构，从妊娠 14 周开始。总体而言，3'-唾液酸乳糖（3'SL）和 2'-岩藻糖基乳糖（2'FL）是最丰富的 HMOs。个体和总 HMO 浓度与妊娠周数呈显著正相关。HMO 组成也在早、中、晚期妊娠之间发生变化，3'SL 的相对浓度显著降低（44%、25%、24%），2'FL 增加（7%、13%、21%）。
(4) 结论：我们的研究表明，HMOs 在妊娠早期就已经存在于 AF 中。这表明胎儿在妊娠过程中与广泛的 HMOs 广泛接触，提示 HMOs 在胎儿组织发育中的作用。
