Nutraceuticals Research Program, School of Biomedical Sciences and Pharmacy, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW 2308, Australia.
Department of Clinical Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh 11362, Saudi Arabia.
Nutrients. 2022 May 17;14(10):2093. doi: 10.3390/nu14102093.
Animal and human studies have reported conflicting results on the relationship between circulating trimethylamine N-oxide (TMAO) levels and risk of Type 2 diabetes (T2D). This study aimed to compare plasma TMAO levels in people with or without T2D and explore the association of TMAO and T2D. A prospective case-control study of 297 participants, 164 healthy controls and 133 patients with T2D, was conducted. TMAO levels were quantified by UPLC-MS/MS. Comorbidities, dietary patterns, physical activity, and blood biomarkers were assessed. Median (IQR) plasma TMAO levels were significantly higher in diabetes cases (4.95 (2.84−8.35) µmol/L) compared to healthy controls (3.07 (2.05−4.82) µmol/L) (p < 0.001). The association between TMAO and T2D was significant in the non-adjusted Model 1 (p < 0.001) and after adjusting for confounders of diabetes including age, BMI, and level of education in Model 2 (p = 0.04). When the association was further adjusted for physical activity and diet in Model 3, plasma TMAO levels at only the highest quartile (>6.40 µmol/L) were associated with the risk of diabetes (OR = 3.36, 95% CI [1.26, 9.04], p = 0.02). The results presented suggest an association between plasma TMAO levels and T2D. A significant correlation was found between red meat consumption and increased levels of TMAO in T2D patients. A longitudinal study is warranted to further evaluate the correlation between TMAO and T2D.
动物和人体研究报告显示，循环三甲基胺 N-氧化物（TMAO）水平与 2 型糖尿病（T2D）风险之间的关系存在矛盾。本研究旨在比较 T2D 患者和健康对照者的血浆 TMAO 水平，并探讨 TMAO 与 T2D 的相关性。一项前瞻性病例对照研究纳入了 297 名参与者，其中 164 名健康对照者和 133 名 T2D 患者。采用 UPLC-MS/MS 定量检测 TMAO 水平。评估了合并症、饮食模式、身体活动和血液生物标志物。糖尿病组（4.95（2.84-8.35）µmol/L）的中位数（IQR）血浆 TMAO 水平明显高于健康对照组（3.07（2.05-4.82）µmol/L）（p<0.001）。在未调整的模型 1（p<0.001）和调整了糖尿病的混杂因素（包括年龄、BMI 和受教育程度）的模型 2（p=0.04）中，TMAO 与 T2D 之间存在显著相关性。当在模型 3 中进一步调整了身体活动和饮食时，仅在血浆 TMAO 水平最高四分位数（>6.40µmol/L）与糖尿病风险相关（OR=3.36，95%CI[1.26,9.04]，p=0.02）。结果表明，血浆 TMAO 水平与 T2D 之间存在关联。在 T2D 患者中，发现红肉摄入量与 TMAO 水平升高之间存在显著相关性。需要进行纵向研究来进一步评估 TMAO 与 T2D 之间的相关性。
