Troshchynska Yana, Bleha Roman, Synytsya Andriy, Štětina Jiří
Department of Carbohydrates and Cereals, University of Chemistry and Technology Prague, Technická 5, 166 28 Prague, Czech Republic.
Department of Dairy, Fat and Cosmetics, University of Chemistry and Technology Prague, Technická 5, 166 28 Prague, Czech Republic.
Polymers (Basel). 2022 May 17;14(10):2040. doi: 10.3390/polym14102040.
When seeds sown in the soil become wet, their hulls secrete viscous matter that can retain water and thus support germination. Flaxseed mucilage (FSM) is an example of such a material and is attractive for food, cosmetic, and pharmaceutical applications due to its suitable rheological properties. FSM consists mainly of two polysaccharides, namely, arabinoxylan and rhamnogalacturonan I, and it also contains some proteins, minerals, and phenolic compounds. The genotype and the year of the flax harvest can significantly affect the composition and functional properties of FSM. In this work, FSM samples were isolated from flax seeds of different cultivars and harvest years, and their structural and rheological properties were compared using statistical methods. The samples showed significant variability in composition and rheological properties depending on the cultivar and storage time. It was found that the ratio of two polysaccharide fractions and the contribution of less-prevalent proteins are important factors determining the rheological parameters of FSM, characterizing the shear-thinning, thixotropic, and dynamic viscoelastic behavior of this material in aqueous solutions. The yield strength and the hysteresis loop were found to be associated with the contribution of the pectin fraction, which included homogalacturonan and rhamnogalacturonan I. In contrast, the shear-thinning and especially the dynamic viscoelastic properties depended on the arabinoxylan content. Proteins also affected the viscoelastic properties and maintained the elastic component of FSM in the solution. The above structural and rheological characteristics should be taken into account when considering effective applications for this material.
当播种在土壤中的种子受潮时，其种皮会分泌粘性物质，这种物质能够保持水分，从而促进种子发芽。亚麻籽粘液（FSM）就是这样一种物质，由于其合适的流变学特性，在食品、化妆品和制药应用方面具有吸引力。FSM主要由两种多糖组成，即阿拉伯木聚糖和鼠李半乳糖醛酸聚糖I，它还含有一些蛋白质、矿物质和酚类化合物。亚麻的基因型和收获年份会显著影响FSM的组成和功能特性。在这项研究中，从不同品种和收获年份的亚麻籽中分离出FSM样品，并使用统计方法比较它们的结构和流变学特性。结果表明，根据品种和储存时间的不同，样品在组成和流变学特性上存在显著差异。研究发现，两种多糖组分的比例以及含量较少的蛋白质的贡献是决定FSM流变学参数的重要因素，这些参数表征了该物质在水溶液中的剪切变稀、触变性和动态粘弹性行为。屈服强度和滞后回线被发现与果胶组分（包括同型半乳糖醛酸聚糖和鼠李半乳糖醛酸聚糖I）的贡献有关。相反，剪切变稀特性，尤其是动态粘弹性特性取决于阿拉伯木聚糖的含量。蛋白质也会影响粘弹性特性，并在溶液中维持FSM的弹性成分。在考虑该物质的有效应用时，应考虑上述结构和流变学特性。
