College of Pharmacy, University of Sargodha, Sargodha 40100, Pakistan.
Department of Chemistry, GC University, Lahore 54000, Pakistan.
Int J Biol Macromol. 2024 Oct;278(Pt 4):134817. doi: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.134817. Epub 2024 Aug 21.
The present review is novel as it discusses the main findings of researchers on the topic and their implications, as well as highlights the emerging research in this particular area and its future prospective. The seeds of Flax (Linum usitatissimum) extrude mucilage (FSM) that has a diverse and wide range of applications, especially in the food industry and as a pharmaceutical ingredient. FSM has been blended with several food and dairy products to improve gelling ability, optical properties, taste, and user compliance. The FSM is recognized as a foaming, encapsulating, emulsifying, suspending, film-forming, and gelling agent for several pharmaceutical preparations and healthcare materials. Owing to stimuli (pH) -responsive swelling-deswelling characteristics, high swelling indices at different physiological pHs of the human body, and biocompatibility, FSM is considered a smart material for intelligent, targeted, and controlled drug delivery applications through conventional and advanced drug delivery systems. FSM has been modified through carboxymethylation, acetylation, copolymerization, and electrostatic complexation to get the desired properties for pharma, food, and healthcare products. The present review is therefore devoted to the isolation techniques, structural characterization, highly valuable properties for food and pharmaceutical industries, preclinical and clinical trials, pharmacological aspects, biomedical attributes, and patents of FSM.
本文综述了研究者在该主题上的主要发现及其意义，突出了该特定领域新兴研究及其未来前景，具有新颖性。亚麻（Linum usitatissimum）种子渗出的粘液（FSM）具有多种广泛的应用，特别是在食品工业和制药领域。FSM 已与多种食品和乳制品混合使用，以提高凝胶能力、光学性能、口感和用户顺应性。FSM 被认为是多种药物制剂和医疗保健材料的发泡、包封、乳化、悬浮、成膜和凝胶剂。由于具有刺激（pH）响应的溶胀-收缩特性、在人体不同生理 pH 值下的高溶胀指数以及生物相容性，FSM 被认为是一种智能材料，可通过传统和先进的药物输送系统实现智能、靶向和控制药物输送应用。通过羧甲基化、乙酰化、共聚和静电络合对 FSM 进行改性，以获得药物、食品和医疗保健产品所需的特性。因此，本文致力于 FSM 的分离技术、结构表征、在食品和制药行业的高价值特性、临床前和临床试验、药理学方面、生物医学属性以及专利研究。
