O'Connor Tiffany W, Read Andrew J, Hall Robyn N, Strive Tanja, Kirkland Peter D
Virology Laboratory, Elizabeth Macarthur Agricultural Institute, NSW Department of Primary Industries, Menangle, NSW 2568, Australia.
Health & Biosecurity, Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation, Acton, ACT 2601, Australia.
Vaccines (Basel). 2022 Apr 22;10(5):666. doi: 10.3390/vaccines10050666.
The use of rabbit hemorrhagic disease virus (RHDV) as a biocontrol agent to control feral rabbit populations in Australia, in combination with circulating endemic strains, provides a unique environment to observe the interactions between different lagoviruses competing for the same host. Following the arrival of RHDV2 (GI.2) in Australia, it became necessary to investigate the potential for immunological cross-protection between different variants, and the implications of this for biocontrol programs and vaccine development. Laboratory rabbits of various immune status-(1) rabbits with no detectable immunity against RHDV; (2) rabbits with experimentally acquired immunity after laboratory challenge; (3) rabbits immunised with a GI.2-specific or a multivalent RHDV inactivated virus prototype vaccine; or (4) rabbits with naturally acquired immunity-were challenged with one of three different RHDV variants (GI.1c, GI.1a or GI.2). The degree of cross-protection observed in immune rabbits was associated with the variant used for challenge, infectious dose of the virus and age, or time since acquisition of the immunity, at challenge. The immune status of feral rabbit populations should be determined prior to intentional RHDV release because of the high survival proportions in rabbits with pre-existing immunity. In addition, to protect domestic rabbits in Australia, a multivalent RHDV vaccine should be considered because of the limited cross-protection observed in rabbits given monovalent vaccines.
利用兔出血症病毒（RHDV）作为生物防治剂，与澳大利亚流行的地方毒株相结合，来控制野兔数量，这提供了一个独特的环境，可用于观察不同兔病毒在争夺同一宿主时的相互作用。RHDV2（GI.2）抵达澳大利亚后，有必要研究不同变种之间免疫交叉保护的可能性，以及这对生物防治计划和疫苗开发的影响。对各种免疫状态的实验兔进行研究：（1）对RHDV无可检测免疫力的兔子；（2）经实验室攻毒后获得实验性免疫力的兔子；（3）用GI.2特异性或多价RHDV灭活病毒原型疫苗免疫的兔子；或（4）具有自然获得性免疫力的兔子，用三种不同的RHDV变种（GI.1c、GI.1a或GI.2）之一进行攻毒。在免疫兔中观察到的交叉保护程度与用于攻毒的变种、病毒的感染剂量以及攻毒时的年龄或获得免疫力后的时间有关。由于已有免疫力的兔子存活率很高，因此在有意释放RHDV之前，应确定野兔种群的免疫状态。此外，为保护澳大利亚的家兔，鉴于在接种单价疫苗的兔子中观察到的交叉保护有限，应考虑使用多价RHDV疫苗。
