Hall Robyn N, Trought Katherine, Strive Tanja, Duckworth Janine A, Jenckel Maria
CSIRO Health & Biosecurity, Acton, ACT 2601, Australia.
Centre for Invasive Species Solutions, Bruce, ACT 2617, Australia.
Viruses. 2024 Mar 28;16(4):519. doi: 10.3390/v16040519.
Rabbit haemorrhage disease virus 2 (RHDV2) is a highly pathogenic lagovirus that causes lethal disease in rabbits and hares (lagomorphs). Since its first detection in Europe in 2010, RHDV2 has spread worldwide and has been detected in over 35 countries so far. Here, we provide the first detailed report of the detection and subsequent circulation of RHDV2 in New Zealand. RHDV2 was first detected in New Zealand in 2018, with positive samples retrospectively identified in December 2017. Subsequent time-resolved phylogenetic analysis suggested a single introduction into the North Island between March and November 2016. Genetic analysis identified a GI.3P-GI.2 variant supporting a non-Australian origin for the incursion; however, more accurate identification of the source of the incursion remains challenging due to the wide global distribution of the GI.3P-GI.2 variant. Furthermore, our analysis suggests the spread of the virus between the North and South Islands of New Zealand at least twice, dated to mid-2017 and around 2018. Further phylogenetic analysis also revealed a strong phylogeographic pattern. So far, no recombination events with endemic benign New Zealand rabbit caliciviruses have been identified. This study highlights the need for further research and surveillance to monitor the distribution and diversity of lagoviruses in New Zealand and to detect incursions of novel variants.
兔出血症病毒2（RHDV2）是一种高致病性兔瘟病毒，可在兔和野兔（兔形目动物）中引发致死性疾病。自2010年在欧洲首次被发现以来，RHDV2已在全球范围内传播，迄今已在35多个国家被检测到。在此，我们提供了RHDV2在新西兰被检测到及随后传播情况的首份详细报告。RHDV2于2018年在新西兰首次被检测到，2017年12月追溯性地鉴定出阳性样本。随后的时间分辨系统发育分析表明，2016年3月至11月期间该病毒单次传入北岛。基因分析确定了一种GI.3P - GI.2变体，支持此次入侵的来源并非澳大利亚；然而，由于GI.3P - GI.2变体在全球广泛分布，更准确地确定入侵源仍然具有挑战性。此外，我们的分析表明该病毒在新西兰北岛和南岛之间至少传播了两次，时间分别为2017年年中左右和2018年左右。进一步的系统发育分析还揭示了一种强烈的系统地理学模式。到目前为止，尚未发现与新西兰地方性良性兔杯状病毒发生重组事件。本研究强调需要进一步开展研究和监测，以监测新西兰兔瘟病毒的分布和多样性，并检测新型变体的入侵情况。
