Mahmoud Okba, Al-Afifi Nashwan Abdullah, Salihu Farook Mohideen, Ibrahim Maysara Adnan, Al Shehadat Saaid, Alsaegh Mohammed Amjed
Clinical Sciences Department, Faculty of Dentistry, Ajman University, Ajman, UAE.
Department of Restorative Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur 50603, Malaysia.
Int J Dent. 2022 May 19;2022:6480047. doi: 10.1155/2022/6480047. eCollection 2022.
Particle size and shape can influence the properties of materials. However, to improve the physicochemical and biological properties of mineral trioxide aggregate (MTA), silicate-based hydraulic cements were introduced. This study aimed to evaluate and compare the major constituents and crystalline structures along with the surface morphology of different types of calcium silicate-based cement (CSC).
Six different types of CSC (white Portland cement, white ProRoot MTA, white MTA Angelus, Biodentine, and Endosequence, both putty and paste) were used in this study. Five samples of each material were analyzed in both uncured and cured cement using scanning electron microscopy/energy-dispersive X-ray (SEM/EDX), X-ray diffraction (XRD), and Fourier transform-infrared spectroscopy (FTIR).
SEM analysis showed that the surfaces of all materials consisted of particle sizes ranging from 0.194 m to approximately 51.82 m. The basic elements found in both uncured and cured cement of all tested materials using EDX were carbon, calcium, silicon, and oxygen. A difference was observed in the presence or absence of magnesium, aluminum, bismuth, zirconium, and tantalum. XRD showed that all tested materials were composed mainly of tricalcium silicate and dicalcium silicate, which are the main components of Portland cement. FTIR analysis showed aromatic rings, phosphine PH, alkyl halides, and alcohol O-H groups in all tested materials but at different wavenumbers.
The different types of CSCs tested in this study were primarily modified types of Portland cement with the addition of radiopacifiers. ProRoot MTA and MTA Angelus contained bismuth oxide, Biodentine contains zirconium oxide, whereas Endosequence root repair materials (both putty and paste) contained zirconium oxide and tantalum oxide. Endosequence root repair materials showed smaller particle sizes than the other groups. White PC had the most irregular and large particle sizes. CSC had a smaller particle size, except for MTA Angelus. The composition of CSC has a direct influence on the properties of these cements, which may affect the clinical outcome of the treatment.
颗粒大小和形状会影响材料的性能。然而，为改善三氧化矿物凝聚体（MTA）的物理化学和生物学性能，引入了硅酸盐基水硬性水泥。本研究旨在评估和比较不同类型硅酸钙基水泥（CSC）的主要成分、晶体结构以及表面形态。
本研究使用了六种不同类型的CSC（白色波特兰水泥、白色ProRoot MTA、白色MTA Angelus、Biodentine以及Endosequence，包括油灰状和膏状）。每种材料取五个样本，使用扫描电子显微镜/能量色散X射线（SEM/EDX）、X射线衍射（XRD）和傅里叶变换红外光谱（FTIR）对未固化和固化的水泥进行分析。
SEM分析表明，所有材料的表面由粒径范围为0.194μm至约51.82μm的颗粒组成。使用EDX在所有测试材料的未固化和固化水泥中发现的基本元素为碳、钙、硅和氧。在镁、铝、铋、锆和钽的存在与否方面观察到差异。XRD表明，所有测试材料主要由硅酸三钙和硅酸二钙组成，这是波特兰水泥的主要成分。FTIR分析表明，所有测试材料中均存在芳香环、膦PH、卤代烃和醇O-H基团，但波数不同。
本研究中测试的不同类型CSC主要是添加了射线阻射剂的改性波特兰水泥类型。ProRoot MTA和MTA Angelus含有氧化铋，Biodentine含有氧化锆，而Endosequence牙根修复材料（油灰状和膏状）含有氧化锆和氧化钽。Endosequence牙根修复材料的粒径比其他组小。白色波特兰水泥的颗粒尺寸最不规则且最大。除MTA Angelus外，CSC的粒径较小。CSC的组成对这些水泥的性能有直接影响，这可能会影响治疗的临床结果。
