School of Materials Science, Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science, 2A & 2B Raja S. C. Mullick Road, Kolkata 700032, India.
Phys Chem Chem Phys. 2022 Jun 8;24(22):13965-13975. doi: 10.1039/d2cp00301e.
The antimicrobial and cytotoxic effects of zinc oxide nanomaterials are popularly thought to be occurring due to zinc ion leaching, but the exact mechanism of cytotoxicity is controversial and not fully understood. Recent studies have shown that oxygen vacancy defects in the nanoscale zinc oxide can generate reactive oxygen species (ROS) under dark conditions and may induce cytotoxicity. In this work, we show that the cytotoxicity of zinc oxide nanoparticles is directly correlated with oxygen vacancy defects that generate ROS under dark conditions. More specifically, we designed zinc oxide nanoparticles with controlled oxygen vacancy defects by controlled gallium doping and showed that the ROS generation property of zinc oxide nanoparticles under dark conditions is directly correlated with oxygen vacancy defects. Further studies show that superoxide radicals and hydrogen peroxide are the primary ROS that are produced under dark conditions. These colloidal nanoparticles are used for cell labeling and therapy intracellular ROS generation without any light exposure. The designed nanoparticle can be used for the formulation of advanced antibacterial and antimicrobial materials and other cell therapy applications.
氧化锌纳米材料的抗菌和细胞毒性作用通常被认为是由于锌离子浸出而产生的，但细胞毒性的确切机制仍存在争议，尚未完全阐明。最近的研究表明，纳米级氧化锌中的氧空位缺陷可以在黑暗条件下产生活性氧物种 (ROS)，并可能诱导细胞毒性。在这项工作中，我们表明，氧化锌纳米颗粒的细胞毒性与其在黑暗条件下产生 ROS 的氧空位缺陷直接相关。具体来说，我们通过受控的镓掺杂设计了具有受控氧空位缺陷的氧化锌纳米颗粒，并表明氧化锌纳米颗粒在黑暗条件下产生 ROS 的性质与氧空位缺陷直接相关。进一步的研究表明，超氧自由基和过氧化氢是在黑暗条件下产生的主要 ROS。这些胶体纳米颗粒可用于细胞标记和治疗，在没有任何光照的情况下，细胞内 ROS 的产生。所设计的纳米颗粒可用于制备先进的抗菌和抗菌材料以及其他细胞治疗应用。
