de Lima Brum Rodrigo, Dos Santos Marina, da Silva Junior Ubiratan Joaquim, Muccillo-Baisch Ana Luíza, da Silva Júnior Flavio Manoel Rodrigues
Universidade Federal do Rio Grande - FURG, Av. Itália, Km 8, S/N Campus Carreiros, Rio Grande, RS, 96203-900, Brazil.
Universidade Federal de Pernambuco - UFPE, Av. Prof. Moraes Rego, 1235 - Cidade Universitária, Recife, PE, 50670-901, Brazil.
Environ Sci Pollut Res Int. 2022 Oct;29(49):74407-74415. doi: 10.1007/s11356-022-21058-4. Epub 2022 May 30.
Candiota region has the largest coal reserve in Brazil, and previous studies have shown moderate-high levels of metals in the environment, including Pb. On the other hand, there are no studies investigating the factors associated with high levels of urinary Pb in children in the region. To investigate this issue, a cross-sectional study was conducted with 92 schoolchildren from 7 cities comprising this coal-mining region. Socioeconomic and demographic information and parental life habits and children's health information were collected using a semi-structured questionnaire. Diurnal urine samples were collected to quantify Pb levels (µg/g creatinine). Bi- and multivariate Poisson regression with a robust estimator was used to assess factors associated with high levels of Pb. Urinary Pb levels in children in the region vary from not detected to 21.6 µg/g of creatinine. The spatial distribution of urinary Pb levels in children indicated an influence of proximity to mining areas, and this factor was confirmed by Poisson regression analysis (bivariate). Other factors associated with high levels of urinary Pb were non-white mothers, paternal occupational exposure, and low BMI. The findings of this study reveal that the Candiota region is a hotspot for high levels of urinary Pb in children (geometric mean: 3.82 µg/g creatinine) and that, in addition to the proximity to mining areas, factors socioeconomic and health conditions may be associated with these high levels.
坎迪奥塔地区拥有巴西最大的煤炭储量，先前的研究表明该地区环境中的金属含量处于中高水平，包括铅。另一方面，尚无研究调查该地区儿童尿铅水平升高的相关因素。为了研究这个问题，对来自该煤矿区7个城市的92名学童进行了一项横断面研究。使用半结构化问卷收集社会经济和人口信息、父母的生活习惯以及儿童的健康信息。收集日间尿液样本以量化铅水平（微克/克肌酐）。采用具有稳健估计量的双变量和多变量泊松回归来评估与高铅水平相关的因素。该地区儿童的尿铅水平从未检测到21.6微克/克肌酐不等。儿童尿铅水平的空间分布表明靠近矿区有影响，这一因素在泊松回归分析（双变量）中得到了证实。与高尿铅水平相关的其他因素是非白人母亲、父亲的职业暴露以及低体重指数。这项研究的结果表明，坎迪奥塔地区是儿童高尿铅水平的热点地区（几何平均值：3.82微克/克肌酐），并且除了靠近矿区之外，社会经济和健康状况等因素可能与这些高铅水平有关。
