Programa de Pós Graduação em Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande/FURG, Faculdade de Medicina, Rua Visconde de Paranaguá, 102, 96203-900, Rio Grande, RS, Brazil.
Curso de Nutrição, Universidade Federal do Pampa/Unipampa, Rua Luiz Joaquim de Sá Britto, s/n, Promorar, 97650-000 Itaqui, RS, Brazil.
An Acad Bras Cienc. 2024 Oct 4;96(suppl 1):e20240270. doi: 10.1590/0001-3765202420240270. eCollection 2024.
Coal mining activities release harmful air pollutants, which affect children's health, particularly the lung function. Brazil has a large coal reserve in the southern region, where a coal-fired power plant and two coal mines are located. The study aimed to evaluate the prevalence of altered respiratory function and associated factors in children living in this region. A cross-sectional study was conducted in seven cities. It collected socioeconomic and demographic, prenatal and postnatal care, neonatal outcomes, child health information as well as lung function and air quality. The study included 396 children who lived in a high socio-environmental vulnerability due to low education levels and family income, high percentage of unemployed and families with a high bedroom density. There was a high prevalence of preterm birth, low birth weight and long-term exposure to environmental conditions. The most common respiratory problem in the parents was rhinitis, while in the children was wheezing and pneumonia. The prevalence of respiratory function alteration in the region was 7.78%. Variables associated with altered respiratory function were passive smoking, low birth weight, history of wheezing. The concentration of pollutants was equivalent when comparing stations within the coal mining host town (Candiota) and surrounding towns.
煤炭开采活动释放有害空气污染物，影响儿童健康，特别是肺部功能。巴西南部地区煤炭储量丰富，那里有一家燃煤电厂和两个煤矿。本研究旨在评估该地区儿童呼吸功能改变的患病率及相关因素。这是一项在七个城市进行的横断面研究。它收集了社会经济和人口统计学、产前和产后护理、新生儿结局、儿童健康信息以及肺功能和空气质量数据。该研究纳入了 396 名儿童，他们生活在一个高社会环境脆弱性地区，因为教育水平和家庭收入低、失业率高、家庭卧室密度高。该地区存在较高的早产、低出生体重和长期暴露于环境条件的情况。父母最常见的呼吸道问题是鼻炎，而儿童最常见的问题是喘息和肺炎。该地区呼吸功能改变的患病率为 7.78%。与呼吸功能改变相关的变量有被动吸烟、低出生体重、喘息史。比较矿区（坎迪奥塔）和周边城镇的监测站，污染物浓度相当。
