Bipolar and Depressive Disorders Unit, Institute of Neuroscience, Hospital Clinic, IDIBAPS, CIBERSAM, University of Barcelona, 170 Villarroel st, 12-0, Barcelona, Catalonia 08036, Spain.
Bipolar and Depressive Disorders Unit, Institute of Neuroscience, Hospital Clinic, IDIBAPS, CIBERSAM, University of Barcelona, 170 Villarroel st, 12-0, Barcelona, Catalonia 08036, Spain; Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy.
Eur Neuropsychopharmacol. 2022 Jul;60:55-75. doi: 10.1016/j.euroneuro.2022.05.004. Epub 2022 May 26.
Parenthood age may affect the risk for the development of different psychiatric disorders in the offspring, including bipolar disorder (BD). The present systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to appraise the relationship between paternal age and risk for BD and to explore the eventual relationship between paternal age and age at onset of BD. We searched the MEDLINE, Scopus, Embase, PsycINFO online databases for original studies from inception, up to December 2021. Random-effects meta-analyses were conducted. Sixteen studies participated in the qualitative synthesis, of which k = 14 fetched quantitative data encompassing a total of 13,424,760 participants and 217,089 individuals with BD. Both fathers [adjusted for the age of other parent and socioeconomic status odd ratio - OR = 1.29(95%C.I. = 1.13-1.48)] and mothers aged ≤ 20 years [(OR = 1.23(95%C.I. = 1.14-1.33)] had consistently increased odds of BD diagnosis in their offspring compared to parents aged 25-29 years. Fathers aged ≥ 45 years [adjusted OR = 1.29 (95%C.I. = 1.15-1.46)] and mothers aged 35-39 years [OR = 1.10(95%C.I. = 1.01-1.19)] and 40 years or older [OR = 1.2(95% C.I. = 1.02-1.40)] likewise had inflated odds of BD diagnosis in their offspring compared to parents aged 25-29 years. Early and delayed parenthood are associated with an increased risk of BD in the offspring. Mechanisms underlying this association are largely unknown and may involve a complex interplay between psychosocial, genetic and biological factors, and with different impacts according to sex and age range. Evidence on the association between parental age and illness onset is still tentative but it points towards a possible specific effect of advanced paternal age on early BD-onset.
父母生育年龄可能会影响后代患不同精神障碍的风险，包括双相情感障碍（BD）。本系统评价和荟萃分析旨在评估父亲年龄与 BD 风险之间的关系，并探讨父亲年龄与 BD 发病年龄之间的潜在关系。我们从成立之初开始在 MEDLINE、Scopus、Embase、PsycINFO 在线数据库中搜索原始研究，截至 2021 年 12 月。进行了随机效应荟萃分析。16 项研究参与了定性综合分析，其中 k=14 项获取了包含 13424760 名参与者和 217089 名 BD 个体的定量数据。与 25-29 岁的父母相比，≤20 岁的父亲[校正其他父母年龄和社会经济地位后的比值比 - OR=1.29(95%CI=1.13-1.48)]和母亲[OR=1.23(95%CI=1.14-1.33)]其子女患 BD 的几率增加。≥45 岁的父亲[校正后比值比 - OR=1.29(95%CI=1.15-1.46)]和 35-39 岁的母亲[OR=1.10(95%CI=1.01-1.19)]和 40 岁或以上的母亲[OR=1.2(95%CI=1.02-1.40)]其子女患 BD 的几率也高于 25-29 岁的父母。早育和晚育与后代患 BD 的风险增加有关。这种关联的潜在机制尚不清楚，可能涉及心理社会、遗传和生物学因素之间的复杂相互作用，并且根据性别和年龄范围有不同的影响。关于父母年龄与疾病发病年龄之间关联的证据仍然是初步的，但它指出了父亲年龄较晚可能对早期 BD 发病有特定影响的可能性。
