Sammartino F J
Soc Secur Bull. 1987 Feb;50(2):31-47.
Results from retirement research suggest the following conclusions about health, retirement, and the likely effects of the changes in retirement age made by the 1983 Social Security Amendments. First, after controlling for non-health-related factors, it is clear that older workers who are in poor health retire earlier than workers with similar economic circumstances who are in good health. Second, the research reviewed here tends to indicate that the response of the average worker to the changes made in the social security full retirement age by the 1983 amendments will be small. Estimates suggest than the average increase in the retirement age will be between zero and 3 months. Finally, while the evidence is much less certain, research results suggest that older workers in poor health may respond even less than the average worker. It is not possible to say precisely what will happen to lifetime incomes as a result of these changes. A small labor supply response suggests that not much of the lost social security benefits will be made up by additional earnings, either for workers on average or for workers in poor health. However, earnings are only part of the total income picture. Other than a brief mention, this article has not addressed how workers may adjust their savings behavior, or how private pensions may adjust, and particularly whether the potential for adjustment through these avenues is the same for workers in poor health as for the average worker.
退休研究的结果就健康、退休以及1983年《社会保障修正案》所做的退休年龄变化可能产生的影响得出了以下结论。首先，在控制了与健康无关的因素之后，很明显，健康状况不佳的老年工人比经济状况相似但健康状况良好的工人退休更早。其次，这里所回顾的研究倾向于表明，普通工人对1983年修正案中社会保障全额退休年龄变化的反应将很小。估计显示，退休年龄的平均增加将在零至3个月之间。最后，虽然证据不太确凿，但研究结果表明，健康状况不佳的老年工人的反应可能比普通工人更小。由于这些变化，终身收入会具体发生什么情况还无法确切说明。劳动力供应的微小反应表明，无论是普通工人还是健康状况不佳的工人，其损失的社会保障福利都不太可能通过额外收入得到弥补。然而，收入只是总收入情况的一部分。除了简短提及外，本文没有探讨工人可能如何调整储蓄行为，或者私人养老金可能如何调整，特别是通过这些途径进行调整的可能性对于健康状况不佳的工人和普通工人是否相同。
