Division of Plant Sciences, Bond Life Sciences Center, University of Missouri, 1201 Rollins Street, Columbia, MO 65211, USA.
Institute of Economic Botany, New York Botanical Garden, 2900 Southern Boulevard, Bronx, NY 10458, USA.
Plant Cell Physiol. 2022 Nov 22;63(11):1641-1653. doi: 10.1093/pcp/pcac072.
Modern agriculture depends on a narrow variety of crop species, leaving global food and nutritional security highly vulnerable to the adverse effects of climate change and population expansion. Crop improvement using conventional and molecular breeding approaches leveraging plant genetic diversity using crop wild relatives (CWRs) has been one approach to address these issues. However, the rapid pace of the global change requires additional innovative solutions to adapt agriculture to meet global needs. Neodomestication-the rapid and targeted introduction of domestication traits using introgression or genome editing of CWRs-is being explored as a supplementary approach. These methods show promise; however, they have so far been limited in efficiency and applicability. We propose expanding the scope of neodomestication beyond truly wild CWRs to include feral crops as a source of genetic diversity for novel crop development, in this case 'redomestication'. Feral crops are plants that have escaped cultivation and evolved independently, typically adapting to their local environments. Thus, feral crops potentially contain valuable adaptive features while retaining some domestication traits. Due to their genetic proximity to crop species, feral crops may be easier targets for de novo domestication (i.e. neodomestication via genome editing techniques). In this review, we explore the potential of de novo redomestication as an application for novel crop development by genome editing of feral crops. This approach to efficiently exploit plant genetic diversity would access an underutilized reservoir of genetic diversity that could prove important in support of global food insecurity in the face of the climate change.
现代农业依赖于少数几种作物品种，这使得全球粮食和营养安全高度容易受到气候变化和人口扩张的不利影响。利用作物野生近缘种（CWRs）的植物遗传多样性，通过传统和分子育种方法进行作物改良，是解决这些问题的一种方法。然而，全球变化的快速步伐需要额外的创新解决方案，使农业适应全球需求。新驯化——利用 CWRs 的渐渗或基因组编辑快速而有针对性地引入驯化特征——正被探索作为一种补充方法。这些方法显示出了希望；然而，它们在效率和适用性方面一直受到限制。我们建议将新驯化的范围扩大到真正的野生 CWRs 之外，将野生作物纳入新作物开发的遗传多样性来源，在这种情况下称为“再驯化”。野生作物是指逃脱栽培并独立进化的植物，通常适应其当地环境。因此，野生作物可能具有有价值的适应性特征，同时保留一些驯化特征。由于它们与作物物种的遗传亲缘关系，野生作物可能更容易成为从头驯化（即通过基因组编辑技术进行新驯化）的目标。在这篇综述中，我们探讨了通过基因组编辑对野生作物进行从头再驯化作为新型作物开发应用的潜力。这种利用植物遗传多样性的方法将利用未充分利用的遗传多样性储备，这在面对气候变化导致的全球粮食不安全时可能非常重要。
