Faculty Centre for Integrated Rural Development and Management, Ramakrishna Mission Vivekananda Educational and Research Institute, Narendrapur, Kolkata 700103, India.
Department of Genetics and Plant Breeding, Bidhan Chandra Krishi Viswavidyalaya, Extended Campus, Burdwan, West Bengal 713101, India.
Plant Cell Physiol. 2022 Nov 22;63(11):1607-1623. doi: 10.1093/pcp/pcac124.
Crop domestication has a tremendous impact on socioeconomic conditions and human civilization. Modern cultivars were domesticated from their wild progenitors thousands of years ago by the selection of natural variation by humans. New cultivars are being developed by crossing two or more compatible individuals. But the limited genetic diversity in the cultivars severely affects the yield and renders the crop susceptible to many biotic and abiotic stresses. Crop wild relatives (CWRs) are the rich reservoir for many valuable agronomic traits. The incorporation of useful genes from CWR is one of the sustainable approaches for enriching the gene pool of cultivated crops. However, CWRs are not suited for urban and intensive cultivation because of several undesirable traits. Researchers have begun to study the domestication traits in the CWRs and modify them using genome-editing tools to make them suitable for extensive cultivation. Growing evidence has shown that modification in these genes is not sufficient to bring the desired change in the neodomesticated crop. However, the other dynamic genetic factors such as microRNAs (miRNAs), transposable elements, cis-regulatory elements and epigenetic changes have reshaped the domesticated crops. The creation of allelic series for many valuable domestication traits through genome editing holds great potential for the accelerated development of neodomesticated crops. The present review describes the current understanding of the genetics of domestication traits that are responsible for the agricultural revolution. The targeted mutagenesis in these domestication genes via clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR)/CRISPR-associated protein 9 could be used for the rapid domestication of CWRs.
作物驯化对社会经济条件和人类文明产生了巨大影响。几千年前，人类通过选择自然变异，从野生祖先中驯化出现代品种。新的品种是通过杂交两个或更多相容的个体来开发的。但是，品种中有限的遗传多样性严重影响了产量，并使作物易受许多生物和非生物胁迫的影响。作物野生近缘种（CWR）是许多有价值的农艺性状的丰富资源库。从 CWR 中引入有用的基因是丰富栽培作物基因库的可持续方法之一。然而，由于一些不理想的特性，CWR 不适合城市和集约化种植。研究人员已经开始研究 CWR 中的驯化特性，并使用基因组编辑工具对其进行修改，使其适合广泛种植。越来越多的证据表明，这些基因的修饰不足以在新驯化的作物中带来所需的变化。然而，其他动态遗传因素，如 microRNAs（miRNAs）、转座元件、顺式调控元件和表观遗传变化，已经重塑了驯化作物。通过基因组编辑为许多有价值的驯化性状创造等位基因系列，为新驯化作物的快速发展带来了巨大潜力。本综述描述了负责农业革命的驯化性状遗传学的最新理解。通过成簇规律间隔短回文重复（CRISPR）/CRISPR 相关蛋白 9 对这些驯化基因进行靶向诱变，可以用于 CWR 的快速驯化。
