Department of Physical Activity and Health, The Swedish School of Sport and Health Sciences, GIH, Stockholm, Sweden.
Division of Clinical Geriatrics, Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.
BMC Public Health. 2022 May 31;22(1):1082. doi: 10.1186/s12889-022-13490-5.
We previously reported the effects of two cluster-randomized 6-month multi-component workplace interventions, targeting reducing sedentary behavior or increasing physical activity among office workers, on movement behaviors and cardiorespiratory fitness. The primary aim of this study was to investigate the effects of these interventions on cognitive functions compared to a wait-list control group. The secondary aims were to examine if changes in cognition were related to change in cardiorespiratory fitness or movement behaviors and if age, sex, or cardiorespiratory fitness moderated these associations.
Both interventions encompassed multi-components acting on the individual, environmental, and organizational levels and aimed to change physical activity patterns to improve mental health and cognitive function. Out of 263 included participants, 139 (mean age 43 years, 76% females) completed a neuropsychological test battery and wore accelerometers at baseline and 6-month follow-up. The intervention effect (aim 1) on cognitive composite scores (i.e., Executive Functions, Episodic Memory, Processing Speed, and Global Cognition) was investigated. Additionally, associations between changes in movement behaviors and cardiorespiratory fitness, and changes in cognition were examined (aim 2). Moreover, age, sex, and cardiorespiratory fitness level were investigated as possible moderators of change associations (aim 3).
Overall, cognitive performance improved from baseline to follow-up, but the change did not differ between the intervention groups and the control group. Changes in cardiorespiratory fitness or any movement behavior category did not predict changes in cognitive functions. The association between changes in time in bed and changes in both Executive Function and Global Cognition were moderated by age, such that a more positive relation was seen with increasing age. A less positive association was seen between changes in sedentary behavior and Processing Speed for men vs. women, whereas higher cardiorespiratory fitness was related to a more positive association between changes in moderate-intensity physical activity and Global Cognition.
The lack of an intervention effect on cognitive functions was expected since the intervention did not change movement behavior or fitness. Age, sex, and cardiorespiratory fitness level might moderate the relationships between movement behaviors and cognitive functions changes.
ISRCTN92968402 . Registered 09/04/2018.
我们之前报道了两项为期 6 个月的多组分、集群随机的职场干预措施的效果，这些干预措施针对减少办公室工作人员的久坐行为或增加身体活动，以改善运动行为和心肺功能。本研究的主要目的是调查这些干预措施对认知功能的影响，与等待名单对照组相比。次要目的是研究认知功能的变化是否与心肺功能或运动行为的变化有关，以及年龄、性别或心肺功能是否调节这些关联。
这两种干预措施都包括多组分的个体、环境和组织层面的干预措施，旨在改变身体活动模式，以改善心理健康和认知功能。在 263 名纳入的参与者中，有 139 名（平均年龄 43 岁，76%为女性）在基线和 6 个月随访时完成了神经心理测试组合并佩戴了加速度计。研究了认知综合评分（即执行功能、情景记忆、处理速度和整体认知）的干预效果（目标 1）。此外，还研究了运动行为和心肺功能的变化与认知变化之间的关联（目标 2）。此外，还研究了年龄、性别和心肺功能水平作为变化关联的可能调节剂（目标 3）。
总的来说，认知表现从基线到随访有所改善，但干预组与对照组之间的变化没有差异。心肺功能或任何运动行为类别的变化都不能预测认知功能的变化。睡眠时间的变化与执行功能和整体认知的变化之间的关系受到年龄的调节，即随着年龄的增长，这种关系更加积极。男性和女性之间，久坐行为的变化与处理速度的变化之间的关系不那么积极，而较高的心肺功能与中等强度体力活动变化与整体认知之间的关系更积极有关。
由于干预措施没有改变运动行为或体能，因此对认知功能没有干预效果并不意外。年龄、性别和心肺功能水平可能调节运动行为与认知功能变化之间的关系。
ISRCTN92968402。注册于 2018 年 9 月 4 日。
