Department of Anaesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, Medical University of Innsbruck, Anichstrasse 35, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria.
Department of Anaesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, Hospitallers Brothers Hospital, Paracelsus Medical University, Kajetanerplatz 1, 5010 Salzburg, Austria.
Injury. 2022 Jul;53(7):2485-2492. doi: 10.1016/j.injury.2022.05.029. Epub 2022 May 19.
Interindividual collisions while skiing or snowboarding occur regularly, they can be associated with severe injuries.
To elucidate causes of accidents, injury patterns and potential risk factors for injury severity in interindividual collisions of skiers and snowboarders.
Retrospective analysis of the Austrian Registry for Mountain Accidents within a 13-year timeframe (2005-2018) with regard to on- or off-piste collisions of skiers and snowboarders.
A total of 30,503 collisions, involving 52,430 (85.9%) skiers and 8,576 (14.1%) snowboarders were analysed. Denominators are lacking, since total numbers of skiers and snowboarders were not available. Compared to skiers, snowboarders were younger (23 vs. 42 years; p<0.001), predominantly male (77.4% vs. 61.0%; p<0.001) and less often severely injured (46.8% vs. 26.2%; p<0.001). Most accidents occurred on slopes (>95%). Collisions involving two snowboarders occurred proportionally more often in terrain parks (4.1% of 1,664 injured snowboarders; p<0.001) and while one victim was standing or sitting (9.7%; p<0.001). Contusions/strains/sprains were most prevalent (>23%), as were head injuries (>12%). In skiers, chest, shoulder, hip, thigh and knee injuries occurred more often, leading to fractures, dislocations, concussions and internal injuries more frequently. In snowboarders, spine/back, elbow, forearm, wrist and lower leg injuries were more prevalent. Female gender and standing or sitting prior to the accident was a risk factor for being more severely injured in collisions involving i) two skiers (OR: 4.02 (3.79-4.26) and 3.91 (3.26-4.68)), ii) a skier and a snowboarder (OR: 4.50 (3.95-5.14) and 11.49 (8.04-16.41)) or iii) two snowboarders (OR: 2.85 (2.12-3.84) and 12.47 (6.17-25.20)). Wearing a helmet increased the risk when two skiers collided (OR: 1.10 (1.03-1.17)). In skier vs. snowboarder collisions, the skier had a higher risk of being injured more severely (OR: 7.93 (6.98-9.01)).
In interindividual collisions of skiers and snowboarders, injury patterns and preceding causes differ substantially. Skiers are more likely to be severely injured. Awareness of an increased risk of injury should be raised particularly while standing or sitting on the slope.
滑雪或单板滑雪时的个体间碰撞经常发生，可能导致严重受伤。
阐明滑雪者和单板滑雪者个体间碰撞事故的原因、损伤模式和潜在的损伤严重程度的危险因素。
对奥地利山区事故登记处 2005 年至 2018 年期间的滑雪道内和滑雪道外的滑雪者和单板滑雪者的碰撞进行回顾性分析。
共分析了 30503 次碰撞，涉及 52430（85.9%）名滑雪者和 8576（14.1%）名单板滑雪者。由于滑雪者和单板滑雪者的总数不可用，因此没有分母。与滑雪者相比，单板滑雪者更年轻（23 岁 vs. 42 岁；p<0.001），主要为男性（77.4% vs. 61.0%；p<0.001），受伤程度较低（46.8% vs. 26.2%；p<0.001）。大多数事故发生在斜坡上（>95%）。涉及两名单板滑雪者的碰撞在地形公园中更为常见（1664 名受伤单板滑雪者中 4.1%；p<0.001），而在一名受害者站立或坐着时更为常见（9.7%；p<0.001）。挫伤/拉伤/扭伤最为常见（>23%），头部受伤也很常见（>12%）。在滑雪者中，胸部、肩部、臀部、大腿和膝盖受伤更为常见，导致骨折、脱位、脑震荡和内部受伤更为常见。在单板滑雪者中，脊柱/背部、肘部、前臂、手腕和小腿受伤更为常见。女性性别和事故发生前站立或坐着是涉及到 i）两名滑雪者（OR：4.02（3.79-4.26）和 3.91（3.26-4.68））、ii）一名滑雪者和一名单板滑雪者（OR：4.50（3.95-5.14）和 11.49（8.04-16.41））或 iii）两名单板滑雪者（OR：2.85（2.12-3.84）和 12.47（6.17-25.20））的更严重损伤的危险因素。当两名滑雪者发生碰撞时，佩戴头盔会增加受伤风险（OR：1.10（1.03-1.17））。在滑雪者与单板滑雪者碰撞中，滑雪者受伤更严重的风险更高（OR：7.93（6.98-9.01））。
在滑雪者和单板滑雪者的个体间碰撞中，损伤模式和先前的原因有很大差异。滑雪者更有可能受重伤。尤其应该意识到在斜坡上站立或坐着时受伤的风险增加。
