蜂胶：化学多样性与质量控制挑战

Propolis: chemical diversity and challenges in quality control.

作者信息

Kasote Deepak, Bankova Vassya, Viljoen Alvaro M

机构信息

Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tshwane University of Technology, Private Bag X680, Pretoria, 0001 South Africa.

Institute of Organic Chemistry with Centre of Phytochemistry, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, 1113 Sofia, Bulgaria.

出版信息

Phytochem Rev. 2022;21(6):1887-1911. doi: 10.1007/s11101-022-09816-1. Epub 2022 May 24.

DOI:10.1007/s11101-022-09816-1

PMID:35645656

原文链接:https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC9128321/

Abstract

UNLABELLED

Propolis is a resinous natural product produced by honeybees using beeswax and plant exudates. The chemical composition of propolis is highly complex, and varies with region and season. This inherent chemical variability presents several challenges to its standardisation and quality control. The present review was aimed at highlighting marker compounds for different types of propolis, produced by the species , from different geographical origins and that display different biological activities, and to discuss strategies for quality control. Over 800 compounds have been reported in the different propolises such as temperate, tropical, birch, Mediterranean, and Pacific propolis; these mainly include alcohols, acids and their esters, benzofuranes, benzopyranes, chalcones, flavonoids and their esters, glycosides (flavonoid and diterpene), glycerol and its esters, lignans, phenylpropanoids, steroids, terpenes and terpenoids. Among these, flavonoids (> 140), terpenes and terpenoids (> 160) were major components. A broad range of biological activities, such as anti-oxidant, antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory, immunomodulatory, and anticancer activities, have been ascribed to propolis constituents, as well as the potential of these compounds to be biomarkers. Several analytical techniques, including non-separation and separation methods have been described in the literature for the quality control assessment of propolis. Mass spectrometry coupled with separation methods, followed by chemometric analysis of the data, was found to be a valuable tool for the profiling and classification of propolis samples, including (bio)marker identification. Due to the rampant chemotypic variability, a multiple-marker assessment strategy considering geographical and biological activity marker(s) with chemometric analysis may be a promising approach for propolis quality assessment.

SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION

The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s11101-022-09816-1.

摘要

未标注

蜂胶是蜜蜂利用蜂蜡和植物分泌物生产的一种树脂状天然产物。蜂胶的化学成分高度复杂，且因地区和季节而异。这种固有的化学变异性给其标准化和质量控制带来了诸多挑战。本综述旨在突出不同类型蜂胶的标记化合物，这些蜂胶由不同地理来源的物种生产，具有不同的生物活性，并讨论质量控制策略。在不同的蜂胶中，如温带、热带、桦树、地中海和太平洋蜂胶，已报道了800多种化合物；这些化合物主要包括醇类、酸类及其酯类、苯并呋喃、苯并吡喃、查耳酮、黄酮类及其酯类、糖苷（黄酮类和二萜类）、甘油及其酯类、木脂素、苯丙素类、甾体、萜类和萜类化合物。其中，黄酮类化合物（>140种）、萜类和萜类化合物（>160种）是主要成分。蜂胶成分具有广泛的生物活性，如抗氧化、抗菌、抗炎、免疫调节和抗癌活性，以及这些化合物作为生物标志物的潜力。文献中描述了几种分析技术，包括非分离和分离方法，用于蜂胶的质量控制评估。质谱联用分离方法，随后对数据进行化学计量分析，被发现是一种用于蜂胶样品分析和分类的有价值工具，包括（生物）标志物鉴定。由于化学型变异性猖獗，考虑地理和生物活性标记物并结合化学计量分析的多标记评估策略可能是蜂胶质量评估的一种有前景的方法。