Bertolucci Vanessa, Ninomiya André Felipe, Longato Giovanna Barbarini, Kaneko Luisa Oliveira, Nonose Nilson, Scariot Pedro Paulo Menezes, Messias Leonardo Henrique Dalcheco
Research Group on Technology Applied to Exercise Physiology-GTAFE, Health Sciences Postgraduate Program, São Francisco University, Bragança Paulista 12916-900, SP, Brazil.
Research Laboratory in Molecular Pharmacology of Bioactive Compounds, São Francisco University, Bragança Paulista 12916-900, SP, Brazil.
Antioxidants (Basel). 2025 Jan 12;14(1):81. doi: 10.3390/antiox14010081.
This narrative review explores the potential effects of Propolis and its bioactive compounds on bone health. Propolis, a resinous product collected by bees, is renowned for its antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory, and antioxidant properties. Recent research emphasizes its positive role in osteogenesis, primarily through the modulation of osteoclast and osteoblast activity via molecular pathways. Key mechanisms include reducing inflammatory cytokines, protecting against oxidative stress, and upregulating growth factor essential for bone formation. While compounds such as Caffeic Acid Phenethyl Ester, Apigenin, Quercetin, and Ferulic Acid have been well-documented, emerging evidence points to the significant roles of less-studied compounds like Pinocembrin, Kaempferol, p-Coumaric acid, and Galangin. This review synthesizes the current literature, focusing on the mechanisms by which these bioactive compounds influence osteogenesis. Firstly, it explores the techniques for characterizing bioactive compounds presented in propolis, the chemogeographic variations in its composition, and the effects of both crude extracts and isolated compounds on bone tissue, offering a comprehensive analysis of recent findings across different experimental models. Further, it discusses the effects of Propolis compounds on bone health. In summary, these compounds modulate signaling pathways, including nuclear factor kappa beta, wingless-related integration site, mitogen-activated protein kinase, vascular endothelial growth factor, and reactive oxygen species. These pathways influence the receptor activator of nuclear factor kappa-β/receptor activator of nuclear factor kappa-β ligand/osteoprotegerin system, fostering bone cell differentiation. This regulation mitigates excessive osteoclast formation, stimulates osteoblast activity, and ultimately contributes to the restoration of bone homeostasis by maintaining a balanced bone remodeling process.
本叙述性综述探讨了蜂胶及其生物活性化合物对骨骼健康的潜在影响。蜂胶是蜜蜂采集的一种树脂状产物，以其抗菌、抗炎和抗氧化特性而闻名。最近的研究强调了它在骨生成中的积极作用，主要是通过分子途径调节破骨细胞和成骨细胞的活性。关键机制包括减少炎性细胞因子、抵御氧化应激以及上调骨形成所必需的生长因子。虽然咖啡酸苯乙酯、芹菜素、槲皮素和阿魏酸等化合物已有充分记载，但新出现的证据表明，诸如松属素、山奈酚、对香豆酸和高良姜素等研究较少的化合物也发挥着重要作用。本综述综合了当前的文献，重点关注这些生物活性化合物影响骨生成的机制。首先，探讨了蜂胶中生物活性化合物的表征技术、其成分的化学地理差异以及粗提物和分离化合物对骨组织的影响，对不同实验模型的最新研究结果进行了全面分析。此外，还讨论了蜂胶化合物对骨骼健康的影响。总之，这些化合物调节信号通路，包括核因子κB、无翅型MMTV整合位点家族、丝裂原活化蛋白激酶、血管内皮生长因子和活性氧。这些通路影响核因子κB受体激活剂/核因子κB受体激活剂配体/骨保护素系统，促进骨细胞分化。这种调节减轻了破骨细胞的过度形成，刺激成骨细胞活性，并最终通过维持平衡的骨重塑过程促进骨稳态的恢复。
