Activity of Peptide Antibiotics in Combination With Other Antimicrobials on Extensively Drug-Resistant in the Planktonic and Biofilm Cell.

is one of the most dangerous opportunistic pathogens in the global health care setup. Its drug resistance and biofilm-forming capability are often associated with chronic infections that are difficult to treat. Therefore, the clinical treatments for highly drug-resistant are limited. Antimicrobial peptides are broad-spectrum antibacterial agents combined with antibiotics that minimize selective bacterial resistance and enhance antibacterial efficacy. The current study evaluated the synergistic antibacterial activities of clinically important peptide antibiotics combined with other antimicrobials against nine extensively drug-resistant strains in planktonic and biofilm cells . Polymyxin B and E combined with imipenem showed 100% synergy in the planktonic cell with the checkerboard. Moreover, polymyxin E with rifampicin and bacitracin with imipenem or meropenem showed 100% additive effects. In the biofilm cell, polymyxin B and E combined with azithromycin showed 100% synergy, when vancomycin with azithromycin, rifampicin, and bacitracin with azithromycin or rifampicin, and teicoplanin with tigecycline or rifampicin, all showed 100% additive effects. Therefore, peptide antibiotics combined with other antimicrobials have synergistic or additive effects on extensively drug-resistant in planktonic and biofilm cells. In addition, the combination of polymyxins with carbapenems or azithromycin could be an ideal therapy against extensively drug-resistant infections.