Khammissa Razia Ag, Nemutandani Simon, Shangase Sindisiwe Londiwe, Feller Gal, Lemmer Johan, Feller Liviu
School of Dentistry, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa.
School of Oral Health Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, Johannesburg, South Africa.
SAGE Open Med. 2022 Mar 14;10:20503121221083080. doi: 10.1177/20503121221083080. eCollection 2022.
Burnout syndrome is a psychological response to long-term exposure to occupational stressors. It is characterized by emotional exhaustion, cognitive weariness and physical fatigue, and it may occur in association with any occupation, but is most frequently observed among professionals who work directly with people, particularly in institutional settings. Healthcare professionals who work directly with patients and are frequently exposed to work overload and excessive clinical demands, to ethical dilemmas, to pressing occupational schedules and to managerial challenges; who have to make complex judgements and difficult decisions; and who have relatively little autonomy over their job-related tasks are at risk of developing clinical burnout. In turn, clinical burnout among clinicians has a negative impact on the quality and safety of treatment, and on the overall professional performance of healthcare systems. Healthcare workers with burnout are more likely to make mistakes and to be subjected to medical malpractice claims, than do those who are burnout-naïve. Experiencing the emotional values of autonomy, competence and relatedness are essential work-related psychological needs, which have to be satisfied to promote feelings of self-realization and meaningfulness in relation to work activities, thus reducing burnout risk. Importantly, an autonomy-supportive rather than a controlling style of management decreases burnout risk and promotes self-actualization, self-esteem and a general feeling of well-being in both those in charge and in their subordinates. The purpose of this article is to discuss some of the elements constituting the burnout construct with the view of gaining a better understanding of the complex multifactorial nature of burnout. This may facilitate the development and implementation of both personal, behavioural and organizational interventions to deal with the burnout syndrome and its ramifications.
职业倦怠综合征是对长期暴露于职业压力源的一种心理反应。它的特征是情感耗竭、认知疲倦和身体疲劳，可能与任何职业相关，但最常出现在直接与人打交道的专业人员中，尤其是在机构环境中。直接与患者打交道、经常面临工作负荷过重和过高临床需求、面临伦理困境、紧迫的工作时间表和管理挑战的医疗保健专业人员；必须做出复杂判断和艰难决策的人员；以及在与工作相关的任务上自主权相对较小的人员，有出现临床职业倦怠的风险。反过来，临床医生的职业倦怠会对治疗质量和安全以及医疗保健系统的整体专业表现产生负面影响。与没有职业倦怠的医护人员相比，有职业倦怠的医护人员更容易犯错并面临医疗事故索赔。体验自主、能力和关联性的情感价值是与工作相关的基本心理需求，必须满足这些需求以促进与工作活动相关的自我实现感和意义感，从而降低职业倦怠风险。重要的是，支持自主而非控制的管理方式会降低职业倦怠风险，并促进管理者及其下属的自我实现、自尊和总体幸福感。本文的目的是讨论构成职业倦怠概念的一些要素，以便更好地理解职业倦怠复杂的多因素本质。这可能有助于制定和实施个人、行为和组织干预措施，以应对职业倦怠综合征及其后果。
