Kuramoto Kenta, He Congcong
Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, United States.
Front Cell Dev Biol. 2022 May 13;10:844481. doi: 10.3389/fcell.2022.844481. eCollection 2022.
Autophagy is a stress-induced lysosomal degradation pathway regulated by evolutionarily conserved autophagy-related (ATG) genes. Recent research has revealed that autophagy plays an important role in the regulation of energy metabolism, development of metabolic tissues, and pathogenesis of metabolic disorders. Bulk and selective degradation by autophagy helps maintain protein homeostasis and physiological function of cells. Aside from classical degradative roles, ATG proteins also carry out non-classical secretory functions of metabolic tissues. In this review, we summarize recent progresses and unanswered questions on the mechanisms of autophagy and ATG proteins in metabolic regulation, with a focus on organelle and nutrient storage degradation, as well as vesicular and hormonal secretion. Such knowledge broadens our understanding on the cause, pathophysiology, and prevention of metabolic diseases including obesity and diabetes.
自噬是一种由进化上保守的自噬相关（ATG）基因调控的应激诱导溶酶体降解途径。最近的研究表明，自噬在能量代谢调节、代谢组织发育和代谢紊乱发病机制中发挥重要作用。自噬介导的整体和选择性降解有助于维持细胞的蛋白质稳态和生理功能。除了经典的降解作用外，ATG蛋白还执行代谢组织的非经典分泌功能。在本综述中，我们总结了自噬和ATG蛋白在代谢调节机制方面的最新进展和未解决的问题，重点关注细胞器和营养储存降解，以及囊泡和激素分泌。这些知识拓宽了我们对包括肥胖和糖尿病在内的代谢性疾病的病因、病理生理学和预防的理解。
