Lu Jia-Jie, Jiang Guo-Guo, He Xiang, Xu Kai-Ju, Yang Hong, Shi Rui, Chen Ying, Tan Yu-Yao, Bai Lang, Tang Hong, Li Guo-Ping
Center of Infectious Diseases, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.
Department of Hospital Infection Management, Chengdu Second People Hospital, Chengdu, China.
Front Med (Lausanne). 2022 May 10;9:850736. doi: 10.3389/fmed.2022.850736. eCollection 2022.
In December 2019, the cases of pneumonia of unknown etiology emerged in Wuhan, China, and rapidly spread throughout the country. The disease was later designated by the World Health Organization (WHO) as Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS CoV-2). Few studies have assessed the clinical characteristics of COVID-19 and control strategies used to mitigate disease spread in high-altitude plateau regions of China.
To assess the impact of real-world strategies to control COVID-19 spread in remote plateau regions.
A retrospective study was performed to assess the epidemiology of COVID-19 and strategies used to control disease spread in the high-altitude plateau of Sichuan, China from 24 January 2020 to 19 March 2020.
COVID-19 spread and outbreaks in Sichuan were attributed to mass gatherings. A total of 70 patients and 20 asymptomatic individuals were found in the hypoxic plateau region of Sichuan. Twelve patients were admitted after the onset of symptoms, while 58 patients and 20 asymptomatic individuals were found by active screening. The symptomatic patients included those with uncomplicated illness (16/70, 22.9%), mild pneumonia (44/70, 62.9%), and severe pneumonia (10/70, 14.3%). Most patients in the study area showed relatively mild and atypical symptoms such as low or no fever and dyspnea. The incidence of severe pneumonia, fever, dyspnea, and interstitial abnormalities identified by chest CT were all significantly lower in screened patients than those admitted after symptom onset ( < 0.05). Severe pneumonia was noted in patients with chronic conditions like hypertension, diabetes etc. as compared to less severe pneumonia in healthy subjects (P <0.05). No patients died and all were eventually discharged.
Mass gatherings increased risk of spread of SARS-CoV-2 responsible for COVID-19. Active screening and early management have collectively contributed to reduced incidence of severe pneumonia and satisfactory prognoses of infections with COVID-19 in this hypoxic plateau region.
2019年12月，中国武汉出现不明原因肺炎病例，并迅速蔓延至全国。该疾病后来被世界卫生组织（WHO）命名为2019冠状病毒病（COVID-19），由严重急性呼吸综合征冠状病毒2（SARS-CoV-2）引起。很少有研究评估COVID-19的临床特征以及中国高海拔高原地区用于减缓疾病传播的控制策略。
评估实际防控策略对偏远高原地区COVID-19传播的影响。
进行一项回顾性研究，以评估2020年1月24日至2020年3月19日期间中国四川高海拔高原地区COVID-19的流行病学情况以及用于控制疾病传播的策略。
四川地区COVID-19的传播和暴发归因于聚集性活动。在四川低氧高原地区共发现70例患者和20例无症状感染者。12例患者在出现症状后入院，而58例患者和20例无症状感染者通过主动筛查发现。有症状的患者包括病情不复杂者（16/70，22.9%）、轻度肺炎患者（44/70，62.9%）和重度肺炎患者（10/70，14.3%）。研究区域内大多数患者表现出相对较轻和不典型的症状，如低热或无发热以及呼吸困难。筛查患者中重度肺炎、发热、呼吸困难以及胸部CT显示的间质性异常的发生率均显著低于症状出现后入院的患者（P<0.05）。与健康受试者中较轻的肺炎相比，患有高血压、糖尿病等慢性病的患者出现了重度肺炎（P<0.05）。无患者死亡，所有患者最终均出院。
聚集性活动增加了导致COVID-19的SARS-CoV-2传播风险。主动筛查和早期管理共同促成了该低氧高原地区COVID-19感染的严重程度降低及预后良好。
