Draper William M, Li Na, Solomon Gina M, Heaney Yvonne C, Crenshaw Reese B, Hinrichs Richard L, Chandrasena R Esala P
Drinking Water & Radiation Laboratory, California Department of Public Health, Richmond, CA 94804, United States.
Public Health Institute, Oakland, CA 94804, United States.
ACS ES T Water. 2022 Feb 11;2(2):357-366. doi: 10.1021/acsestwater.1c00401. Epub 2022 Feb 1.
Wildfires have destroyed multiple residential communities in California in recent years. After fires in 2017 and 2018, high concentrations of benzene and other volatile organic compounds (VOCs) were found in public drinking water systems in fire-affected areas. The sources of the contamination and appropriate remediation have been urgent matters for investigation. This study characterizes target and non-target VOCs and semi volatile organic compounds (SVOCs) in water from a highly contaminated service line after the 2018 Camp Fire (Paradise, CA). Ninety-five organic compounds were identified or tentatively identified in the service line. Laboratory combustion experiments with drinking water pipes made of polyvinyl chloride (PVC), cross-linked polyethylene (PEX) and high-density polyethylene (HDPE) and a review of the literature were used to evaluate potential sources of the detected chemicals. Among the service line contaminants were thirty-two compounds associated with PVC pyrolysis and twenty-eight organic compounds also associated with the pyrolysis of polyethylene. The service line sample also contained fifty-five compounds associated with uncontrolled burning of biomass and waste materials. The findings support hypotheses that wildfires can contaminate drinking water systems both by thermal damage to plastic pipes and intrusion of smoke. Residual chlorine disinfectant in the water system modifies the contaminant distribution observed.
近年来，野火摧毁了加利福尼亚州的多个居民区。在2017年和2018年的火灾之后，在受火灾影响地区的公共饮用水系统中发现了高浓度的苯和其他挥发性有机化合物（VOCs）。污染来源及适当的修复方法一直是亟待调查的事项。本研究对2018年坎普大火（加利福尼亚州天堂镇）后一条高度污染的供水管道中的水进行了目标和非目标挥发性有机化合物及半挥发性有机化合物（SVOCs）的特征分析。在该供水管道中鉴定或初步鉴定出了95种有机化合物。利用聚氯乙烯（PVC）、交联聚乙烯（PEX）和高密度聚乙烯（HDPE）制成的饮用水管进行实验室燃烧实验，并查阅文献，以评估检测到的化学物质的潜在来源。在该供水管道污染物中，有32种化合物与PVC热解有关，28种有机化合物也与聚乙烯热解有关。该供水管道样本还含有55种与生物质和废料无控制燃烧有关的化合物。这些发现支持了以下假设：野火可通过对塑料管道的热损伤和烟雾侵入来污染饮用水系统。水系统中的残余氯消毒剂改变了所观察到的污染物分布。
