Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, and State Key Laboratory of Environmental Health (Incubating), School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 13 Hangkong Rd, Wuhan, 430030, Hubei, China.
Department of Public Health, Medical College of Qinghai University, Xining, Qinghai, China.
Environ Sci Pollut Res Int. 2022 Oct;29(49):74921-74932. doi: 10.1007/s11356-022-21062-8. Epub 2022 Jun 1.
Little was known regarding the relations of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) mixture with children's blood pressure (BP) and its potential mechanism. We conducted a panel study with up to 3 visits across 3 seasons in 2017-2018 among 103 children aged 4-13 years. Urinary PAH metabolites (OH-PAHs) were measured by gas chromatograph-tandem triple quadrupole mass spectrometer, and serum cytokines were detected by Bio-Rad 48-Plex Screening Panel. We employed linear mixed-effects models to assess the relations of each urinary OH-PAH with BP, least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO), and weighted quantile sum (WQS) regression to evaluate associations of OH-PAHs mixture with BP, and mediation analyses for the role of serum cytokines. We found the consistently positive associations of 1-hydroxynaphthalene and 9-hydroxyphenanthrene (9-OHPh) with systolic BP (SBP), 4-OHPh, and 9-OHPh with diastolic BP (DBP) and mean arterial pressure (MAP) in a dose-responsive manner. For instance, each 1-fold increment of 9-OHPh was related with increase of 0.92% (95% confidence interval (CI): 0.25%, 1.60%) in SBP, 1.32% (95%CI: 0.25%, 2.39%) in DBP, and 1.15% (95%CI: 0.40%, 1.88%) in MAP. Meanwhile, based on LASSO and WQS regression, OH-PAHs mixture was linked with increased DBP and MAP, to which 9-OHPh and 4-OHPh were the major contributors. Such relationships were modified by passive smoking status and 3-4 times stronger in passive smokers than non-passive smokers. A 1-fold increase in 9-OHPh was associated with an elevation of 3.51% in SBP among passive smokers while that of 0.55% in SBP among non-passive smokers. Furthermore, 4-OHPh and 9-OHPh were related to multiple cytokines elevation, of which platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF) mediated 9.99% and 12.57% in 4-OHPh-related DBP and MAP elevation, respectively. Accordingly, urinary OH-PAHs dominated by 9-OHPh and 4-OHPh were dose-responsively associated with elevated BP whereby a mechanism partly involving PDGF among children.
对于多环芳烃（PAH）混合物与儿童血压（BP）的关系及其潜在机制，我们知之甚少。我们在 2017-2018 年期间进行了一项队列研究，共进行了 3 次访视，纳入了 103 名年龄在 4-13 岁的儿童。通过气相色谱-串联三重四极杆质谱仪测量尿中 PAH 代谢物（OH-PAHs），通过 Bio-Rad 48-Plex 筛选面板检测血清细胞因子。我们采用线性混合效应模型评估每个尿 OH-PAH 与 BP 的关系，最小绝对收缩和选择算子（LASSO）和加权分位数和（WQS）回归评估 OH-PAH 混合物与 BP 的关联，并进行中介分析以确定血清细胞因子的作用。我们发现 1-羟基萘和 9-羟基菲（9-OHPh）与收缩压（SBP）、4-OHPh 和 9-OHPh 与舒张压（DBP）和平均动脉压（MAP）呈剂量反应关系。例如，9-OHPh 每增加 1 倍，SBP 增加 0.92%（95%置信区间：0.25%，1.60%），DBP 增加 1.32%（95%CI：0.25%，2.39%），MAP 增加 1.15%（95%CI：0.40%，1.88%）。同时，基于 LASSO 和 WQS 回归，OH-PAH 混合物与 DBP 和 MAP 升高有关，其中 9-OHPh 和 4-OHPh 是主要贡献者。这种关系受到被动吸烟状况的修饰，在被动吸烟者中，这种关系比非被动吸烟者强 3-4 倍。在被动吸烟者中，9-OHPh 增加 1 倍，SBP 升高 3.51%，而非被动吸烟者中，SBP 升高 0.55%。此外，4-OHPh 和 9-OHPh 与多种细胞因子升高有关，其中血小板衍生生长因子（PDGF）介导 4-OHPh 相关 DBP 和 MAP 升高分别为 9.99%和 12.57%。因此，以 9-OHPh 和 4-OHPh 为主的尿 OH-PAHs 与血压升高呈剂量反应关系，其机制部分涉及儿童的 PDGF。
