CSIR-National Environmental Engineering Research Institute, Nagpur 440020, Maharashtra, India.
UWA School of Agriculture and Environment, The University of Western Australia, Perth, WA 6001, Australia; The UWA Institute of Agriculture, The University of Western Australia, Perth, WA 6001, Australia.
Sci Total Environ. 2022 Sep 15;839:156373. doi: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.156373. Epub 2022 May 29.
Land treatment has become an essential waste management practice. Therefore, soil becomes a major source of contaminants including organic chemicals and potentially toxic elements (PTEs) which enter the food chain, primarily through leaching to potable water sources, plant uptake, and animal transfer. A range of soil amendments are used to manage the mobility of contaminants and subsequently their bioavailability. Various soil amendments, like desorbing agents, surfactants, and chelating agents, have been applied to increase contaminant mobility and bioavailability. These mobilizing agents are applied to increase the contaminant removal though phytoremediation, bioremediation, and soil washing. However, possible leaching of the mobilized pollutants during soil washing is a major limitation, particularly when there is no active plant uptake. This leads to groundwater contamination and toxicity to plants and soil biota. In this context, the present review provides an overview on various soil amendments used to enhance the bioavailability and mobility of organic and inorganic contaminants, thereby facilitating increased risk when soil is remediated in polluted areas. The unintended consequences of the mobilization methods, when used to remediate polluted sites, are discussed in relation to the leaching of mobilized contaminants when active plant growth is absent. The toxicity of targeted and non-targeted contaminants to microbial communities and higher plants is also discussed. Finally, this review work summarizes the existing research gaps in various contaminant mobilization approaches, and prospects for future research.
土地处理已成为一种重要的废物管理实践。因此，土壤成为污染物的主要来源，包括有机化学品和潜在的有毒元素（PTEs），这些污染物通过淋溶进入饮用水源、植物吸收和动物转移进入食物链。一系列土壤改良剂被用于管理污染物的迁移性，从而控制其生物可利用性。各种土壤改良剂，如解吸剂、表面活性剂和螯合剂，已被应用于增加污染物的迁移性和生物可利用性。这些增溶剂通过植物修复、生物修复和土壤淋洗来增加污染物的去除。然而，土壤淋洗过程中污染物的可能浸出是一个主要的限制因素，特别是当没有主动的植物吸收时。这会导致地下水污染和对植物和土壤生物群的毒性。在这种情况下，本综述概述了各种用于增强有机和无机污染物生物可利用性和迁移性的土壤改良剂，从而在受污染地区进行土壤修复时增加了风险。当用于修复污染场地时，讨论了增溶剂方法的意外后果，以及在没有主动植物生长时，被增溶的污染物浸出的问题。还讨论了目标和非目标污染物对微生物群落和高等植物的毒性。最后，本综述总结了各种污染物增溶方法的现有研究差距，并展望了未来的研究方向。
