Department of Medicine, Surgery and Dentistry "Scuola Medica Salernitana", University of Salerno, Baronissi, Italy.
INBIAS, CONICET-UNRC, Río Cuarto, Córdoba, Argentina.
Cell Commun Signal. 2022 Jun 1;20(1):78. doi: 10.1186/s12964-022-00895-3.
Phospholipid scramblase 1 (PLSCR1) is the most studied protein of the scramblase family. Originally, it was identified as a membrane protein involved in maintaining plasma membrane asymmetry. However, studies conducted over the past few years have shown the involvement of PLSCR1 in several other cellular pathways. Indeed, PLSCR1 is not only embedded in the plasma membrane but is also expressed in several intracellular compartments where it interacts with a diverse repertoire of effectors, mediators, and regulators contributing to distinct cellular processes. Although most PLSCR1 interactors are thought to be cell-type specific, PLSCR1 often exerts its regulatory functions through shared mechanisms, including the trafficking of different molecules within intracellular vesicles such as endosomes, liposomes, and phagosomes. Intriguingly, besides endogenous proteins, PLSCR1 was also reported to interact with exogenous viral proteins, thereby regulating viral uptake and spread. This review aims to summarize the current knowledge about the multiple roles of PLSCR1 in distinct cellular pathways. Video Abstract.
磷脂翻转酶 1（PLSCR1）是翻转酶家族中研究最多的蛋白。最初，它被鉴定为一种参与维持质膜不对称性的膜蛋白。然而，过去几年的研究表明，PLSCR1 还参与了几种其他的细胞途径。事实上，PLSCR1 不仅嵌入在质膜中，而且还在几个细胞内隔室中表达，在这些隔室中，它与多种效应物、介质和调节剂相互作用，有助于不同的细胞过程。尽管大多数 PLSCR1 相互作用蛋白被认为是细胞类型特异性的，但 PLSCR1 通常通过共享机制发挥其调节功能，包括细胞内囊泡（如内体、脂质体和吞噬体）内不同分子的运输。有趣的是，除了内源性蛋白外，PLSCR1 还被报道与外源性病毒蛋白相互作用，从而调节病毒的摄取和扩散。本综述旨在总结 PLSCR1 在不同细胞途径中发挥的多种作用的最新知识。视频摘要。
