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即时外部奖励真的能增强内在动机吗？

Do Immediate External Rewards Really Enhance Intrinsic Motivation?

作者信息

Liu Yuxia, Yang Yang, Bai Xue, Chen Yujie, Mo Lei

机构信息

Key Laboratory of Brain, Cognition and Education Sciences, Ministry of Education, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, China.

School of Psychology, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, China.

出版信息

Front Psychol. 2022 May 16;13:853879. doi: 10.3389/fpsyg.2022.853879. eCollection 2022.

DOI:10.3389/fpsyg.2022.853879
PMID:35651575
原文链接:https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC9150741/
Abstract

Researchers have conducted many studies on the relationship between external rewards and intrinsic motivation. A recent study showed that, compared with delayed rewards, rewards delivered immediately after the experiment enhanced the participants' intrinsic motivation. However, this study did not rule out the possibility of a misattribution effect of extrinsic motivation. The present research conducted three studies to explore whether immediate rewards actually enhance intrinsic motivation. To rule out the interference of the misattribution effect of extrinsic motivation, according to the different characteristics of extrinsic motivation and intrinsic motivation, Study 1 and Study 2 improved the prior experimental paradigm, and the results indicated that the intrinsic motivation of participants who received extra rewards immediately after completing experimental tasks was stronger than that of participants who received the delayed extra reward. Furthermore, to rule out the potential interference of temporal discounting, Study 3 introduced a new variable-reward magnitude. The results showed that the delivery time of the extra reward had an independent effect on intrinsic motivation and that the immediacy of the extra reward could enhance intrinsic motivation. In all, the three studies strongly demonstrated that immediate external extra rewards could truly enhance intrinsic motivation.

摘要

研究人员对外在奖励与内在动机之间的关系进行了大量研究。最近一项研究表明，与延迟奖励相比，实验结束后立即给予奖励会增强参与者的内在动机。然而，这项研究并未排除外在动机的错误归因效应的可能性。本研究进行了三项研究，以探讨即时奖励是否真的能增强内在动机。为了排除外在动机错误归因效应的干扰，根据外在动机和内在动机的不同特点，研究1和研究2改进了先前的实验范式，结果表明，在完成实验任务后立即获得额外奖励的参与者的内在动机比获得延迟额外奖励的参与者更强。此外，为了排除时间折扣的潜在干扰，研究3引入了一个新变量——奖励大小。结果表明，额外奖励的发放时间对内在动机有独立影响，额外奖励的即时性能够增强内在动机。总之，这三项研究有力地证明了即时的外部额外奖励能够真正增强内在动机。

https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/5ba2/9150741/b48b5c2e6b5b/fpsyg-13-853879-g009.jpg
https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/5ba2/9150741/9972b9f4fc1d/fpsyg-13-853879-g001.jpg
https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/5ba2/9150741/7bc387bc1c7c/fpsyg-13-853879-g002.jpg
https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/5ba2/9150741/cefaa934144c/fpsyg-13-853879-g003.jpg
https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/5ba2/9150741/7677d0158142/fpsyg-13-853879-g004.jpg
https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/5ba2/9150741/51479107cdf6/fpsyg-13-853879-g005.jpg
https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/5ba2/9150741/8d530ce2f014/fpsyg-13-853879-g006.jpg
https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/5ba2/9150741/c7c9c12bcd5a/fpsyg-13-853879-g007.jpg
https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/5ba2/9150741/1f139a822919/fpsyg-13-853879-g008.jpg
https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/5ba2/9150741/b48b5c2e6b5b/fpsyg-13-853879-g009.jpg
https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/5ba2/9150741/9972b9f4fc1d/fpsyg-13-853879-g001.jpg
https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/5ba2/9150741/7bc387bc1c7c/fpsyg-13-853879-g002.jpg
https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/5ba2/9150741/cefaa934144c/fpsyg-13-853879-g003.jpg
https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/5ba2/9150741/7677d0158142/fpsyg-13-853879-g004.jpg
https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/5ba2/9150741/51479107cdf6/fpsyg-13-853879-g005.jpg
https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/5ba2/9150741/8d530ce2f014/fpsyg-13-853879-g006.jpg
https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/5ba2/9150741/c7c9c12bcd5a/fpsyg-13-853879-g007.jpg
https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/5ba2/9150741/1f139a822919/fpsyg-13-853879-g008.jpg
https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/5ba2/9150741/b48b5c2e6b5b/fpsyg-13-853879-g009.jpg

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本文引用的文献

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The dynamic effect of incentives on postreward task engagement.激励对奖励后任务参与的动态影响。
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