De Sole G, Belay Y, Zegeye B
Am J Clin Nutr. 1987 Apr;45(4):780-4. doi: 10.1093/ajcn/45.4.780.
In Arsi and Bale regions of Ethiopia we found an area in which vitamin A deficiency is hyperendemic and linked to monocrop grain farming. The prevalence of mild xerophthalmia is higher in villages than settlements and higher in settlements than towns (p less than 0.001 for both). The prevalence of mild xerophthalmia is higher in males than females (p = 0.03) and the difference cannot be explained by ecological factors. Nutritional status, length of weaning, severe diseases, and intake of food with low-vitamin A content are factors associated with vitamin A deficiency. Length of weaning and severe diseases play a more important role than nutritional status in this study. The prevalence of diarrhea and respiratory diseases was twice as high in children with xerophthalmia than in children without (p less than 0.001 and less than 0.02, respectively). The incidence of measles was higher in children with vitamin A deficiency than in children without, relative risk 4.7 (p = 0.01).
在埃塞俄比亚的阿尔西和巴勒地区，我们发现了一个维生素A缺乏症高度流行且与单一作物谷物种植相关的区域。轻度干眼病的患病率在村庄高于聚居点，在聚居点高于城镇（两者均p<0.001）。轻度干眼病的患病率男性高于女性（p = 0.03），且这种差异无法用生态因素来解释。营养状况、断奶时长、严重疾病以及低维生素A含量食物的摄入量都是与维生素A缺乏相关的因素。在本研究中，断奶时长和严重疾病比营养状况发挥着更重要的作用。患有干眼病的儿童腹泻和呼吸道疾病的患病率是未患干眼病儿童的两倍（分别为p<0.001和p<0.02）。维生素A缺乏的儿童麻疹发病率高于未缺乏的儿童，相对风险为4.7（p = 0.01）。
