CAS Key Laboratory of Behavioral Science, Institute of Psychology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China; Department of Psychology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.
CAS Key Laboratory of Behavioral Science, Institute of Psychology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China; Department of Psychology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.
Dev Cogn Neurosci. 2022 Jun;55:101118. doi: 10.1016/j.dcn.2022.101118. Epub 2022 May 24.
Reward is deemed a performance reinforcer. The current study investigated how social and monetary reward anticipation affected cognitive control in 39 children, 40 adolescents, and 40 adults. We found that cognitive control performance improved with age in a Simon task, and the reaction time (RT) was modulated by the reward magnitude. The conflict monitoring process (target N2 amplitudes) of adolescents and the attentional control processes (target P3 amplitudes) of adolescents and adults could be adjusted by reward magnitude, suggesting that adolescents were more sensitive to rewards compared to children. Reward magnitudes influenced the neural process of attentional control with larger P3 in congruent trails than that in incongruent trials only in low reward condition. The result of hierarchical drift-diffusion model indicated that children had slower drift rates, higher decision threshold, and longer non-decision time than adolescents and adults. Adolescents had faster drift rates in monetary task than in social task under the high reward condition, and they had faster drift rates under high reward condition than no reward condition only in the monetary task. The correlation analysis further showed that adults' non-decision time and decision threshold correlated with conflict monitoring process (N2 responses) and attentional control process on conflicts (P3 responses). Adolescents' drift rates associated with neural process of attentional control. The current study reveals that reward magnitude and reward type can modulate cognitive control process, especially in adolescents.
奖励被认为是一种绩效增强物。本研究调查了社会和金钱奖励预期如何影响 39 名儿童、40 名青少年和 40 名成年人的认知控制。我们发现，在 Simon 任务中，认知控制表现随年龄增长而提高，反应时间（RT）受奖励幅度的调节。青少年的冲突监测过程（目标 N2 振幅）和青少年及成年人的注意力控制过程（目标 P3 振幅）可以通过奖励幅度进行调整，这表明与儿童相比，青少年对奖励更为敏感。奖励幅度会影响注意力控制的神经过程，在低奖励条件下，一致任务的 P3 比不一致任务的 P3 更大。分层漂移-扩散模型的结果表明，儿童的漂移率较慢，决策阈值较高，非决策时间较长，而青少年和成年人则较慢。在高奖励条件下，青少年在金钱任务中的漂移率比在社会任务中快，而只有在金钱任务中，高奖励条件下的漂移率比无奖励条件下快。相关分析进一步表明，成年人的非决策时间和决策阈值与冲突监测过程（N2 反应）和冲突下的注意力控制过程（P3 反应）相关。青少年的漂移率与注意力控制的神经过程相关。本研究表明，奖励幅度和奖励类型可以调节认知控制过程，尤其是在青少年中。
