Cologne Center for Ethics, Rights, Economics, and Social Sciences of Health, University of Cologne, Albertus Magnus Platz, 50923 Cologne, Germany.
Institute of Sociology and Social Psychology, University of Cologne, Albertus Magnus Platz, 50923 Cologne, Germany.
J Aging Stud. 2022 Jun;61:101022. doi: 10.1016/j.jaging.2022.101022. Epub 2022 Mar 26.
As an important dimension of lifestyle, participation in leisure activities can enhance people's quality of life. Thus, pursuing an engaged lifestyle has become an assumed requirement of ageing successfully. People's opportunities to pursue an engaged lifestyle are influenced by their social positions, which are defined by their access to economic, cultural, and social capital. However, lifestyles in very old age and the significance of these forms of capital have not been sufficiently investigated. Against this background, we examined the questions of what lifestyles people pursue in very old age, and how these lifestyles are associated with their access to different forms of capital. Representative data from the NRW80+ study in North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany, were used. The sample comprised 1863 respondents aged 80 and older, and was carried out in 2017. First, the respondents' patterns of participation in leisure activities, which were used to measure their lifestyles, were identified by applying latent class analysis. Second, the associations between lifestyles and indicators of economic, cultural, and social capital were analysed separately for community- and institutional-dwelling very old adults using logistic regression. Three patterns of leisure activity participation were identified: a digital (16.5%), a sociable (41.0%), and a withdrawn (42.4%) lifestyle. For community-dwelling very old adults with low or medium education and those with low occupational prestige in their last job, the odds of having a withdrawn lifestyle were increased. For both community- and institutional-dwelling individuals, larger social networks were associated with decreased odds of pursuing a withdrawn lifestyle. We conclude that the different forms of capital continue to be related to the lifestyle opportunities of very old adults, but lose their importance for institutional-dwelling individuals. A life course perspective on social inequalities in lifestyle is therefore needed.
作为生活方式的一个重要维度，参与休闲活动可以提高人们的生活质量。因此，追求充实的生活方式已成为成功老龄化的一个假定要求。人们追求充实生活方式的机会受到其社会地位的影响，而社会地位是由他们获得经济、文化和社会资本的机会来定义的。然而，非常老年人的生活方式及其这些形式的资本的意义尚未得到充分研究。在此背景下，我们探讨了人们在非常老年时追求什么样的生活方式，以及这些生活方式如何与他们获得不同形式的资本相关联的问题。本研究使用了德国北莱茵-威斯特法伦州（NRW80+）研究的代表性数据。该样本包括 1863 名年龄在 80 岁及以上的受访者，于 2017 年进行。首先，通过应用潜在类别分析确定了受访者参与休闲活动的模式，这些模式用于衡量他们的生活方式。其次，分别使用逻辑回归分析了社区和机构居住的非常老年人的生活方式与经济、文化和社会资本指标之间的关联。确定了三种休闲活动参与模式：数字（16.5%）、社交（41.0%）和内向（42.4%）生活方式。对于社区居住的教育程度较低或中等、最后一份工作职业声望较低的老年人以及社区居住和机构居住的老年人，内向生活方式的几率较高。对于社区和机构居住的个体而言，更大的社交网络与内向生活方式的几率降低相关。我们的结论是，不同形式的资本继续与非常老年人的生活方式机会相关，但对于机构居住的个体来说，其重要性降低。因此，需要从生命历程的角度来研究生活方式中的社会不平等。
