Old-age lifestyles: Patterns of participation in leisure activities and their associations with different forms of capital.

As an important dimension of lifestyle, participation in leisure activities can enhance people's quality of life. Thus, pursuing an engaged lifestyle has become an assumed requirement of ageing successfully. People's opportunities to pursue an engaged lifestyle are influenced by their social positions, which are defined by their access to economic, cultural, and social capital. However, lifestyles in very old age and the significance of these forms of capital have not been sufficiently investigated. Against this background, we examined the questions of what lifestyles people pursue in very old age, and how these lifestyles are associated with their access to different forms of capital. Representative data from the NRW80+ study in North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany, were used. The sample comprised 1863 respondents aged 80 and older, and was carried out in 2017. First, the respondents' patterns of participation in leisure activities, which were used to measure their lifestyles, were identified by applying latent class analysis. Second, the associations between lifestyles and indicators of economic, cultural, and social capital were analysed separately for community- and institutional-dwelling very old adults using logistic regression. Three patterns of leisure activity participation were identified: a digital (16.5%), a sociable (41.0%), and a withdrawn (42.4%) lifestyle. For community-dwelling very old adults with low or medium education and those with low occupational prestige in their last job, the odds of having a withdrawn lifestyle were increased. For both community- and institutional-dwelling individuals, larger social networks were associated with decreased odds of pursuing a withdrawn lifestyle. We conclude that the different forms of capital continue to be related to the lifestyle opportunities of very old adults, but lose their importance for institutional-dwelling individuals. A life course perspective on social inequalities in lifestyle is therefore needed.