Department of Veterinary and Biosciences, Ghent University, 9820, Merelbeke, Belgium.
Department of Animal Reproduction and Welfare, Mekelle University, Mekelle, Ethiopia.
Trop Anim Health Prod. 2022 Jun 3;54(3):196. doi: 10.1007/s11250-022-03200-z.
The present study evaluated the metabolic and functional effects of adding garra meal to a broiler chicken diet. Three hundred twenty Sasso-breed day-old chicks were randomly assigned to four dietary treatments with either 0, 10, 20 or 30% garra meal added on top of formulated starter and grower basal diets. The experiment lasted for 42 days. Feed intake and body weight gain increased at the starter and grower phases of broilers with garra meal addition (P < 0.05). Broiler chickens fed 30% garra meal were more efficient in converting feed to body weight and yielded the highest carcass weight (P < 0.05). Crude protein ileal digestibility coefficient was higher with 20% (76.2%), and crude fat with 20 (92.1) and 30% (92.6%) garra meal receiving groups (P < 0.05). The increase in individual and total esterified carnitine concentrations in dried blood spots demonstrated the elevated metabolic rate with garra meal addition (P < 0.05). A better supply of glucogenic substrate to the citric acid cycle was seen with garra meal addition due to the increase of propionylcarnitine to acetylcarnitine ratio (P < 0.05) without any apparent effect on ketogenesis in terms of serum 3-hydroxybutyrylcarnitine to acetylcarnitine ratio. Yet, it likely showed that part of the amino acids from garra meal were used as glucogenic substrate (P < 0.05). Histomorphometry data showed 20% garra meal addition elevated villus height, crypt depth and their ratio in the proximal parts of the small intestine (duodenum and jejunum) with the opposite results observed in the more distal part (ileum) with the highest for the control group (P < 0.05). It can be concluded that garra meal improved broiler performance when added to a plant-based diet and only few parameters warranted for caution when using more up to 30% garra meal addition. Beyond growth performance, garra meal generated a shift to a more efficient digestion, absorption and nutrient metabolism.
本研究评估了在肉鸡日粮中添加胍饭对代谢和功能的影响。320 只 Sasso 品种的 1 日龄雏鸡被随机分配到四个日粮处理组，每组日粮在基础的开食料和生长料中分别额外添加 0、10、20 或 30%的胍饭。试验持续 42 天。在开食和生长阶段，添加胍饭的肉鸡的采食量和体重增加（P<0.05）。用 30%胍饭喂养的肉鸡在将饲料转化为体重方面效率更高，且胴体重量最高（P<0.05）。20%胍饭组的粗蛋白回肠消化率系数较高（76.2%），20%和 30%胍饭组的粗脂肪消化率系数较高（92.1%和 92.6%）（P<0.05）。在干血斑中个体和总酯化肉碱浓度的增加表明，添加胍饭可提高代谢率（P<0.05）。由于丙酰肉碱与乙酰肉碱的比例增加，添加胍饭可更好地为柠檬酸循环提供糖质底物（P<0.05），而血清 3-羟基丁酸酰肉碱与乙酰肉碱的比例表明酮生成没有任何明显的影响。然而，这可能表明胍饭中的部分氨基酸被用作糖质底物（P<0.05）。组织形态计量学数据显示，添加 20%的胍饭可提高小肠近端（十二指肠和空肠）的绒毛高度、隐窝深度及其比值，而在更远端（回肠）则观察到相反的结果，对照组的比值最高（P<0.05）。综上所述，当胍饭添加到植物性日粮中时，可改善肉鸡的生产性能，只有少数参数需要注意，当添加量高达 30%时则需要更多的关注。除了生长性能之外，胍饭还可提高肉鸡的消化、吸收和养分代谢效率。
