Yang Zhimin, Yi Ping, Liu Zhongyue, Zhang Wenchao, Mei Lin, Feng Chengyao, Tu Chao, Li Zhihong
Department of Orthopedics, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.
Hunan Key Laboratory of Tumor Models and Individualized Medicine, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.
Front Bioeng Biotechnol. 2022 May 17;10:865770. doi: 10.3389/fbioe.2022.865770. eCollection 2022.
Tremendous advances in tissue engineering and regenerative medicine have revealed the potential of fabricating biomaterials to solve the dilemma of bone and articular defects by promoting osteochondral and cartilage regeneration. Three-dimensional (3D) bioprinting is an innovative fabrication technology to precisely distribute the cell-laden bioink for the construction of artificial tissues, demonstrating great prospect in bone and joint construction areas. With well controllable printability, biocompatibility, biodegradability, and mechanical properties, hydrogels have been emerging as an attractive 3D bioprinting material, which provides a favorable biomimetic microenvironment for cell adhesion, orientation, migration, proliferation, and differentiation. Stem cell-based therapy has been known as a promising approach in regenerative medicine; however, limitations arise from the uncontrollable proliferation, migration, and differentiation of the stem cells and fortunately could be improved after stem cells were encapsulated in the hydrogel. In this review, our focus was centered on the characterization and application of stem cell-laden hydrogel-based 3D bioprinting for bone and cartilage tissue engineering. We not only highlighted the effect of various kinds of hydrogels, stem cells, inorganic particles, and growth factors on chondrogenesis and osteogenesis but also outlined the relationship between biophysical properties like biocompatibility, biodegradability, osteoinductivity, and the regeneration of bone and cartilage. This study was invented to discuss the challenge we have been encountering, the recent progress we have achieved, and the future perspective we have proposed for in this field.
组织工程和再生医学的巨大进展揭示了制造生物材料以通过促进骨软骨和软骨再生来解决骨和关节缺损难题的潜力。三维（3D）生物打印是一种创新的制造技术，可精确分配载有细胞的生物墨水以构建人工组织，在骨和关节构建领域展现出巨大前景。水凝胶具有良好的可打印性、生物相容性、生物降解性和机械性能，已成为一种有吸引力的3D生物打印材料，为细胞黏附、定向、迁移、增殖和分化提供了良好的仿生微环境。基于干细胞的疗法在再生医学中被认为是一种有前途的方法；然而，干细胞增殖、迁移和分化不可控存在局限性，幸运的是，将干细胞封装在水凝胶中后这些局限性可以得到改善。在本综述中，我们重点关注基于载有干细胞的水凝胶的3D生物打印在骨和软骨组织工程中的表征及应用。我们不仅强调了各种水凝胶、干细胞、无机颗粒和生长因子对软骨生成和成骨的影响，还概述了生物相容性、生物降解性、骨诱导性等生物物理性质与骨和软骨再生之间的关系。本研究旨在探讨我们在该领域遇到的挑战、已取得的最新进展以及提出的未来展望。
