Department of Neurology, Ewha Womans University Seoul Hospital, Ewha Womans University College of Medicine, Gonghangdae-ro 260, Gangseo-gu, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
Division of Sleep and Circadian Disorders, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, 221 Longwood Avenue BLI438, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
Sleep Med Clin. 2022 Jun;17(2):241-252. doi: 10.1016/j.jsmc.2022.02.003.
The timing, duration, and consolidation of sleep result from the interaction of the circadian timing system with a sleep-wake homeostatic process. When aligned and functioning optimally, this allows for wakefulness throughout the day and a long consolidated sleep episode at night. Changes to either the sleep regulatory process or how they interact can result in an inability to fall asleep at the desired time, difficulty remaining asleep, waking too early, and/or difficulty remaining awake throughout the day. This mismatch between the desired timing of sleep and the ability to fall asleep and remain asleep is a hallmark of a class of sleep disorders called the circadian rhythm sleep-wake disorders. In this updated article, we discuss typical changes in the circadian regulation of sleep with aging; how age influences the prevalence, diagnosis, and treatment of circadian rhythm sleep disorders; and how neurologic diseases in older patient impact circadian rhythms and sleep.
睡眠的时间、持续时间和巩固是由昼夜节律计时系统与睡眠-觉醒内稳态过程相互作用的结果。当两者协调并处于最佳状态时，白天保持清醒，晚上则进行长时间的巩固睡眠。睡眠调节过程或其相互作用的变化可能导致无法在期望的时间入睡、难以保持睡眠、过早醒来，以及/或白天难以保持清醒。这种睡眠期望时间与入睡和保持睡眠能力之间的不匹配是一类称为昼夜节律睡眠-觉醒障碍的睡眠障碍的特征。在这篇更新的文章中，我们讨论了随着年龄增长睡眠昼夜节律调节的典型变化；年龄如何影响昼夜节律睡眠障碍的患病率、诊断和治疗；以及老年患者的神经疾病如何影响昼夜节律和睡眠。
