Department of Medicine, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA USA Address: 409 Lane Road, Room 2035B, Charlottesville, VA 22908, USA.
Division of Pediatric Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Pediatrics, University of Virginia, 409 Lane Road, Room 2035B, Charlottesville, VA 22908, USA.
Clin Perinatol. 2022 Jun;49(2):475-484. doi: 10.1016/j.clp.2022.02.011. Epub 2022 Apr 21.
The burden of infant malnutrition is greatest in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs). Infant malnutrition is defined based on distinct subcategories, among them stunting (low-height-for-age) and wasting (low-weight-for-height). Some experts are shifting more toward understanding the interplay between these overlapping phenotypes and other confounding factors such as maternal nutrition and environmental hygiene. Current guidelines emphasize appropriate breastfeeding and nutrition within the 1000 days from conception to a child's second birthday to optimize early development. Future research directed toward better biomarkers of malnutrition before acute clinical symptoms develop will help direct targeted efforts toward at-risk populations.
婴儿营养不良的负担在中低收入国家（LMICs）最为严重。婴儿营养不良是根据不同的亚类来定义的，其中包括发育迟缓（身高年龄比低）和消瘦（身高体重比低）。一些专家越来越倾向于理解这些重叠表型与其他混杂因素（如母婴营养和环境卫生）之间的相互作用。目前的指南强调在受孕到儿童两岁期间的 1000 天内进行适当的母乳喂养和营养，以优化早期发育。未来针对在急性临床症状出现之前更好地营养不良生物标志物的研究将有助于针对高危人群进行有针对性的努力。
