Federal University of Pelotas, Pelotas, Brazil.
University of Tasmania, Hobart, TAS, Australia.
Eur J Clin Nutr. 2024 Nov;78(11):928-935. doi: 10.1038/s41430-023-01321-8. Epub 2023 Aug 10.
BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVE: Available evidence on infant body composition is limited. This study aimed to investigate factors associated with body composition at 6 and 24 months.
SUBJECTS/METHODS: Multicenter study with data from a 0 to 6-mo cohort (Australia, India and South Africa) and a 3 to 24-mo cohort (Brazil, Pakistan, South Africa, and Sri Lanka). For the 0-6-mo cohort, body composition was assessed by air-displacement plethysmography (ADP) and for the 3-24-month cohort by the deuterium dilution (DD) technique. Fat mass (FM), fat-free mass (FFM), FM index (FMI), and FFM index (FFMI) were calculated. Independent variables comprised the Gini index of the country, maternal and infant characteristics, and breastfeeding pattern at 3 months. For the 3-24-mo cohort, breastfeeding, and minimum dietary diversity (MDD) at 12 months were also included. Crude and adjusted analyses stratified by sex were conducted by multilevel modelling using mixed models.
At 6 months, every 1 kg increase in birth weight was associated with an increase of 0.716 kg in FFM and 0.582 kg/m in FFMI in girls, whereas in boys, the increase was of 0.277 kg in FFM. At 24 months, compared to those weaned before 12 months, girls still breastfed at 12 months presented a decrease of 0.225 kg in FM, 0.645 kg in FFM and 0.459 kg/m in FFMI, and in boys the decreases were of 0.467 kg in FM, 0.603 kg in FFM and 0.628 kg/m in FFMI.
Birth weight and breastfeeding are independent predictors of body composition in early life, irrespective of sex.
背景/目的：目前关于婴儿身体成分的证据有限。本研究旨在探讨 6 个月和 24 个月时与身体成分相关的因素。
受试者/方法：多中心研究，数据来自 0 至 6 个月队列（澳大利亚、印度和南非）和 3 至 24 个月队列（巴西、巴基斯坦、南非和斯里兰卡）。对于 0-6 个月的队列，通过空气置换体描记术（ADP）评估身体成分，对于 3-24 个月的队列，通过氘稀释（DD）技术评估身体成分。计算脂肪量（FM）、去脂体重（FFM）、FM 指数（FMI）和 FFM 指数（FFMI）。自变量包括国家基尼指数、母婴特征以及 3 个月时的母乳喂养模式。对于 3-24 个月的队列，还包括 12 个月时的母乳喂养和最低饮食多样性（MDD）。通过混合模型使用多层次模型对男女分层进行了未调整和调整分析。
6 个月时，女孩出生体重每增加 1kg，FFM 增加 0.716kg，FFMI 增加 0.582kg/m，而男孩 FFM 增加 0.277kg。24 个月时，与 12 个月前断奶的女孩相比，12 个月时仍在母乳喂养的女孩 FM 减少 0.225kg，FFM 减少 0.645kg/m，FFMI 减少 0.459kg/m，男孩 FM 减少 0.467kg，FFM 减少 0.603kg/m，FFMI 减少 0.628kg/m。
出生体重和母乳喂养是婴儿期身体成分的独立预测因素，与性别无关。
