Center for Bioethics and Humanities, SUNY Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, New York, USA.
Camb Q Healthc Ethics. 2022 Jul;31(3):355-367. doi: 10.1017/S0963180121001055.
The genetic modification of pigs as a source of transplantable organs is one of several possible solutions to the chronic organ shortage. This paper describes existing ethical tensions in xenotransplantation (XTx) that argue against pursuing it. Recommendations for lifelong infectious disease surveillance and notification of close contacts of recipients are in tension with the rights of human research subjects. Parental/guardian consent for pediatric xenograft recipients is in tension with a child's right to an open future. Individual consent to transplant is in tension with public health threats that include zoonotic diseases. XTx amplifies concerns about justice in organ transplantation and could exacerbate existing inequities. The prevention of infectious disease in source animals is in tension with the best practices of animal care and animal welfare, requiring isolation, ethologically inappropriate housing, and invasive reproductive procedures that would severely impact the well-being of intelligent social creatures like pigs.
将猪作为可移植器官的来源进行基因改造是解决慢性器官短缺问题的几种可能方法之一。本文描述了异种移植（XTx）中现有的伦理紧张关系，这些紧张关系反对进行异种移植。建议对接受者的密切接触者进行终身传染病监测和通知与人类研究对象的权利相冲突。儿科异种移植物接受者的父母/监护人同意与儿童对未来的开放权利相冲突。对移植的个人同意与包括人畜共患病在内的公共卫生威胁相冲突。XTx 加剧了人们对器官移植中正义的关注，并可能加剧现有的不平等。在源动物中预防传染病与动物护理和动物福利的最佳实践相冲突，需要隔离、不适合行为的饲养环境以及侵入性的繁殖程序，这将严重影响像猪这样的智能社会生物的福祉。
