State Key Laboratory of Earth Surface Processes and Resource Ecology, Faculty of Geographical Science, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China; Institute of Land Surface System and Sustainable Development, Faculty of Geographical Science, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China.
State Key Laboratory of Earth Surface Processes and Resource Ecology, Faculty of Geographical Science, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China; Institute of Land Surface System and Sustainable Development, Faculty of Geographical Science, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China.
Sci Total Environ. 2022 Sep 10;838(Pt 4):156432. doi: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.156432. Epub 2022 Jun 2.
Recreation services are part of "Experiences" in nonmaterial nature's contribution to people (NCP). It is one of the activities most closely linked to natural landscapes and human well-being. Current research methods are mostly point-based, lacking a systematic evaluation at the regional level that integrates climate conditions and recreational resources. The Qinghai-Tibet Plateau (QTP) is a unique environment with traditional culture. However, limited ecological capacity and poor adaptation to the plateau climate can affect the development of recreation services. This research develops an evaluation framework for recreation services (RS) based on landscape aesthetic quality (LAQ), climate suitability (CS) and recreation utilisation (RU). The results showed that most of QTP had a low (27 %) and average (30 %) LAQ. Regarding CS, a very large part of the studied area had a very low (23 %) and low (35 %) values. RU in QTP had a low (38 %) and average (34 %) values. Finally, RS in most QTP area was low (32 %) and average (28 %). The correlations between the three indices (LAQ, CS and RU) and the final model were high and significant (>0.70). Despite the significance, the correlations observed among the indicators were low (<0.45). LAQ and CS were related to the vegetation and temperature zone, and cities with high levels of urbanisation have a high recreation utilisation. From the southeast to the northwest of the QTP, the altitude increases and the level of recreation services decreases. The dominant factor of the northeastern urban landscape is recreation utilisation, and the climate suitability is the southeast tibetan forest landscape. The framework developed a theoretical foundation for recreation planning and management.
康乐服务是自然对人类非物质贡献（NCP）中“体验”的一部分。它是与自然景观和人类福祉最密切相关的活动之一。当前的研究方法大多是基于点的，缺乏在整合气候条件和康乐资源的基础上进行区域水平的系统评估。青藏高原（QTP）是一个具有传统文化的独特环境。然而，有限的生态容量和对高原气候的适应能力较差会影响康乐服务的发展。本研究基于景观美学质量（LAQ）、气候适宜性（CS）和康乐利用（RU），开发了一个康乐服务（RS）评价框架。结果表明，QTP 的大部分地区 LAQ 较低（27%）和中等（30%）。CS 方面，研究区很大一部分地区的 CS 值非常低（23%）和低（35%）。QTP 的 RU 值较低（38%）和中等（34%）。最后，QTP 的大部分地区 RS 值较低（32%）和中等（28%）。这三个指标（LAQ、CS 和 RU）与最终模型之间的相关性很高且显著（>0.70）。尽管具有显著相关性，但各指标之间的相关性较低（<0.45）。LAQ 和 CS 与植被和温度带有关，城市化水平较高的城市具有较高的康乐利用率。从 QTP 的东南到西北，海拔升高，康乐服务水平降低。QTP 东北部城市景观的主导因素是康乐利用，东南部的藏东南森林景观则是气候适宜性。该框架为康乐规划和管理提供了理论基础。
