School of Medicine at the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA; Psychiatry Department at University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA.
Psychiatry Department at University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA; Carolina Institute for Developmental Disabilities University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA.
Biol Psychol. 2022 Jul;172:108357. doi: 10.1016/j.biopsycho.2022.108357. Epub 2022 May 31.
Stress is a risk factor in the development and maintenance of psychopathology, particularly anxiety. Despite theory suggesting differences in stress responsivity may explain heterogeneity in anxiety, findings remain contradictory. This may be due to failure to account for individuals' neurobiological states and outdated methodologic analyses which confound conceptually and biologically distinct stress response pathways. In 145 adolescents, this study examined whether individual differences in neural activation underlying motivational states, indexed by resting frontal alpha asymmetry (FAA) before and after the Trier Social Stress Test (TSST), moderate the relationship between stress responsivity (measured by cortisol) and anxiety. Adolescents with rightward FAA activation (indexed by changes in resting FAA pre-to-post TSST) and high trait anxiety showed blunted cortisol reactivities while those with leftward FAA activation and high state anxiety showed prolonged cortisol recoveries. Our work reveals individual differences in vulnerability to psychosocial stressors and is the first study to show that FAA activation moderates the relationships between anxiety and distinct phases of the stress response in adolescents.
压力是精神病理学（尤其是焦虑症）发展和维持的一个风险因素。尽管理论表明，应激反应的个体差异可能解释了焦虑症的异质性，但研究结果仍然存在矛盾。这可能是由于未能考虑到个体的神经生物学状态，以及过时的方法分析混淆了概念上和生物学上截然不同的应激反应途径。本研究在 145 名青少年中，探讨了在 Trier 社会应激测试（TSST）前后，以静息额区α不对称（FAA）为指标的动机状态下的神经激活个体差异，是否会调节应激反应性（以皮质醇衡量）与焦虑之间的关系。右侧 FAA 激活（以静息 FAA 在 TSST 前后的变化为指标）且特质焦虑水平高的青少年，皮质醇反应性较低；而左侧 FAA 激活且状态焦虑水平高的青少年，皮质醇恢复时间较长。我们的工作揭示了个体对心理社会应激源的易感性差异，并且是第一项表明 FAA 激活调节青少年焦虑症与应激反应不同阶段之间关系的研究。
